News Corp sues privacy-focused search engine Brave AI, alleging it disguises web crawlers to scrape and sell copyrighted news content to AI companies, undermining publisher incentives. The parties failed to settle out of court, and Brave had previously countersued.

A video demonstration of AI-powered employee scheduling software.

A mathematician used AI to disprove the 87-year-old Jacobian conjecture, posting a 216-character counterexample on X. Experts say it's the most difficult math problem solved by AI.

This paper investigates how the geometry of the initial set, dynamics, and sampling distribution affect the accuracy of sampling-based reachability analysis. By formulating the problem as geometric support estimation, the authors identify two regularity conditions—positive reach of the initial set's complement and Lipschitz continuity of the dynamics—that allow a probability-mass coverage guarantee to be upgraded to Hausdorff distance accuracy. The sample complexity scales exponentially with state dimension and time horizon, and this exponential dependence is intrinsic, not an artifact of the method. Experiments on nonlinear systems confirm that adversarial sampling improves constants but not the scaling.

A hierarchical LLM framework combining cloud-based and edge LLMs with DRL for UAV navigation in ITNTNs, reducing collisions and improving throughput.

This paper addresses the sim-to-real gap in autonomous racing by framing it as a full-stack real-time systems problem. It introduces a three-layer perspective (Physical/Cyber/Execution) to analyze dynamics mismatches, proposes diagnostic metrics beyond lap time, and outlines mitigation strategies and benchmarking guidelines for deployable systems operating near dynamic limits. Accepted at VTC2026-Fall.

Vision-language-action (VLA) models show impressive generalization but often lack interpretability and struggle with precise natural language instructions involving spatial, temporal, and logical constraints. This paper proposes a hierarchical framework using Signal Temporal Logic (STL) as a shared representation between high-level language understanding and low-level robot execution. The high-level policy uses a VLM to decompose instructions into subtasks, generates STL specifications, and selects low-level policies. STL constraints are enforced via model-predictive control or monitored during execution. Evaluated on a real-world tabletop domain, the framework improves precision, reliability, and interpretability of language-conditioned robot planning.

This paper proposes a two-stage extrinsic calibration method to determine the rotation axis transformation between a static line-scanning lidar and a rotary platform. The automated static and dynamic estimation approach is validated on real-world datasets, showing convergence characteristics.

Researchers present DASH, a novel aerial-terrestrial robot with a minimalistic design that integrates a ducted fan coaxial body and a springy leg. A contact-implicit model predictive controller enables automatic switching between flight and hopping modes for optimal energy efficiency, validated through tasks including periodic hopping, aerial flight, and autonomous mode transitions.

This paper proposes an online Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) planning method for intercepting moving targets in crowded environments. Using tree search under a fixed computational budget, it compares a sequential path-speed planner and a unified steering-speed planner. Simulations with up to 200 humans show that at high crowd density, the unified planner achieves a 31 percentage point higher safe-interception rate and requires 44% less time, revealing a structural limitation of spatial restriction in sequential planning.

This paper presents the Open Ant, a physical robot platform designed to bridge the sim-to-real gap in reinforcement learning research. It demonstrates that walking policies can be learned from scratch in about one hour on the real robot for SARSA(λ) and SAC, and simulation-trained policies transfer to reality. The platform is open-source and easy to use.

This paper proposes a torque-driven reinforcement learning framework for heavy, high-torque quadruped robots, enabling traversal of rough terrain and velocity tracking without requiring state estimation. Simulations on Unitree B1 achieve 3.5 m/s linear velocity and 1.5 rad/s angular velocity, plus stair climbing without exteroceptive sensors. Published at 2026 IEEE/SICE SII.

This paper introduces FARO, a framework for rapid planning of novel behaviors in unseen scenarios for humanoid loco-manipulation. It integrates a nested kino-dynamic feasibility checker, LLM-based contact sampling, and an RL controller to improve search efficiency and generate high-quality, executable trajectories.

This work presents a sim-to-real framework for tomato plant segmentation that combines synthetic data generation with fine-tuning of a foundation model, significantly improving segmentation performance and model confidence for greenhouse crop organs.

Machine olfaction for gas unmixing faces a fundamental challenge: inferring gas compositions from low-dimensional, delayed sensor responses. Traditional neural networks often miss physics closure. This paper introduces UnMixNet, a graph neural solver that embeds Maxwell-Stefan multicomponent transport, competitive adsorption, and sensor nonlinearities into the learning process. Tests on SmellNet and UCI dynamic gas mixtures demonstrate improved accuracy and generalization, learning transferable dynamic physical fingerprints.

The paper identifies a robustness gap introduced by post-training quantization (PTQ) in robotic perception models deployed on edge devices. While PTQ maintains in-distribution accuracy, it reduces reliability under distribution shifts. The authors propose Recti-Q, a lightweight feature-space rectification method that uses a frozen quantized backbone and a small LoRA adapter, achieving significant robustness recovery with minimal overhead.

AniGS is a method for animating large-scale 3D Gaussian Splatting reconstructions, adding subtle ambient dynamics like vegetation motion while preserving rigid structures. It leverages a time-conditioned deformation field, a pretrained video diffusion model, and an iterative dataset-model update strategy with composable video refinement to produce natural motion and high-quality novel view videos.

DuSPiT is a new pixel-space diffusion transformer that uses a dual-branch architecture—a compact base branch for global reasoning and a high-capacity pixel branch for local details—connected via cross-attention, achieving richer image details and better quality-efficiency trade-off than prior methods.

A systematic shortcut audit of the EmoPrefer benchmark reveals that a logistic regression using only description length and generator identity achieves accuracy comparable to fine-tuned 7B models, indicating that current evaluation metrics may not genuinely test video understanding. Recommendations include source-balanced pairing, strict length control, and counter-stereotypical sliced reporting.

ECoNGS is an efficient compressive neural Gaussian splatting framework for volume visualization. It uses lightweight neural networks to predict implicit Gaussian splats from explicit anchor points, combining compactness and rendering efficiency. Joint learning across similar scenes reduces training time and model size. A neural entropy model compresses anchor attributes. ECoNGS outperforms iVR-GS by up to 2.2 dB in PSNR, 6.1x model size reduction, and 5.9x training time reduction.

Surprise Forcing is a training-free framework that improves long video generation by addressing two limitations of streaming autoregressive diffusion: bounded context and fixed denoising schedule. It uses a Surprise-Gated Memory Bank to selectively retain important visual evidence and Surprise-Aware Denoising to skip denoising steps for easy chunks. Experiments show improved consistency and quality while maintaining real-time throughput.

A low-cost automated cataract severity classification system using standard consumer-grade eye photos achieves 95.0% accuracy by fusing CNN deep features with five handcrafted GLCM and intensity descriptors via SVM, without GPU or specialized cameras, suitable for primary care and telemedicine in resource-limited settings.

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often confuse anomalies with hazards, as current binary safe/unsafe evaluations fail to differentiate true physical dangers from unusual scene elements. This research introduces an explicit hazard vs. anomaly distinction, evaluating multiple VLMs across datasets. Results show VLMs frequently misinterpret anomalousness as hazardous, relying on contextual irregularity as a proxy for danger. Separating the two provides more informative safety reasoning evaluations, exposing failure modes obscured by binary judgments. A public dataset is available on Roboflow.

Search-on-Graph-R1 internalizes knowledge graph navigation into a compact 8B model using supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning, outperforming frozen frontier-LLM systems on multiple benchmarks without auxiliary modules at inference or LLM judges during training.

A new study reveals that requesting JSON format output from language models dramatically reduces answer diversity. Testing 44 models on 31 broad questions, the JSON request increased the modal answer from 41% to 64% and reduced distinct answers. The effect is specific to formats like JSON and XML, and not due to decoder enforcement, indicating that the convergence stems from the model's response to the register.

PathReportEval is a standardized benchmark and evaluation framework for pathology report generation from whole-slide images. It evaluates four methods on three datasets (TCGA, HistAI, REG 2025) using three pathology foundation encoders. The key contribution is the Clinical Report Quality Score (CRQS), which measures factual correctness across four dimensions: clinical fact coverage, key information recall, hallucination rate, and clinical discordance. Experiments show traditional metrics like BLEU and ROUGE are weakly correlated with clinical accuracy, while CRQS reveals meaningful differences.

This study explores adapting an LLM classification pipeline, originally developed on US police data, to estimate the prevalence of four vulnerability indicators (mental ill health, substance misuse, alcohol dependence, homelessness) in UK police incident narratives. Analyzing nearly 3,000 de-identified logs, the research finds that LLMs can provide meaningful prevalence estimates at scale, but naive deployment is unreliable, requiring substantial human input and statistical correction. The study underscores that LLM outputs cannot be treated as valid measurements without careful methodological support.

This paper introduces SAGE, a framework that combines cognitive models with language models for generating and evaluating alternatives in pragmatic reasoning. Tested on three case studies, SAGE models outperformed baselines but revealed an asymmetry between LM proposers and evaluators.

Introducing Relay-Bench, a new unsaturated benchmark testing LLMs on composite multi-domain problems. Best model, GPT-5.5 (xHigh), scores only 43.3%. Covers visual reasoning, coding, math, web search, and more.

This paper reports a collaboration between the Directorate-General for Translation (DGT) and the European Master's in Translation (EMT) to localise the MMLU dataset into 11 European languages. Beyond creating a more inclusive benchmark for LLM evaluation, the project offers master's students authentic, project-based professional training in translation, revision, project management, and multilingual coordination, while highlighting key methodological, administrative, and workflow challenges.