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Towards Torque-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Quadruped Locomotion

Summary

This paper proposes a torque-driven reinforcement learning framework for heavy, high-torque quadruped robots, enabling traversal of rough terrain and velocity tracking without requiring state estimation. Simulations on Unitree B1 achieve 3.5 m/s linear velocity and 1.5 rad/s angular velocity, plus stair climbing without exteroceptive sensors. Published at 2026 IEEE/SICE SII.

SourcearXiv RoboticsAuthor: Jordan Dowdy, Jean Chagas Vaz
Towards Torque-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Quadruped Locomotion
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[Submitted on 20 Jul 2026]

Title:Towards Torque-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Quadruped Locomotion

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Abstract:Reinforcement learning (RL) for legged robots is advancing locomotion, demonstrating its ability to adapt to new and challenging terrain. Traditionally, these RL locomotion frameworks are position-based, making the policy less adaptable to terrain types and requiring state estimation techniques in the observation space, i.e., linear velocity. Moreover, these RL frameworks often use small, lightweight quadrupeds that are limited in their viability for high-complexity tasks due to hardware constraints. This work explores an RL torque control framework for heavyweight high-torque quadrupeds. The RL framework in this paper can traverse rough terrain and effectively track a desired linear velocity without requiring knowledge of the agent's current velocity. Using Nvidia's Isaac Sim and Isaac Lab, simulation results of the RL torque control policy are shown on the Unitree B1 quadruped, achieving speeds of 3.5 m/s and 1.5 rad/s. In addition, the quadruped can walk up and down stairs without the aid of an exteroceptive sensor.

Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted manuscript. Published in the 2026 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII), pp. 1259-1264

Subjects:

Robotics (cs.RO)

Cite as: arXiv:2607.18365 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2607.18365v1 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.18365

arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Journal reference: 2026 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII), pp. 1259-1264 (2026)

Related DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1109/SII64115.2026.11404550

DOI(s) linking to related resources

Submission history

From: Jordan Dowdy [view email] [v1] Mon, 20 Jul 2026 16:35:53 UTC (617 KB)

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Key points and analysis

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Key points

  • Traditional position-based RL frameworks require velocity estimation and adapt poorly to varied terrain; torque control is more robust.
  • The new framework is tested on a heavy quadruped (Unitree B1) and tracks desired velocity without knowing current speed.
  • Simulations demonstrate 3.5 m/s linear, 1.5 rad/s angular speeds, and stair ascent/descent without external sensors.

Highlights and analysis are generated automatically and may contain errors. Check the original source.