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[Submitted on 15 Sep 2026] Title:Not All Patches Are Equally Forgettable: Spatially Localized Domain Unlearning in Vision-Language Models View a PDF of the paper titled Not All Patches Are Equally Forgettable: Spatially Localized Domain Unlearning in Vision-Language Models, by Akanksha Singh and 1 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit strong cross-domain recognition performance even without additional training. However, this robustness can also preserve undesirable domain-specific behavior, as domain-related and semantic information often remain entangled within the learned representation space, making selective domain unlearning challenging. Existing approaches typically address this problem through latent-space disentanglement and prompt- or feature-level interventions, without directly attributing and attenuating individual patch-token contributions. However, here we suggest that rather than uniformly suppressing the full representation, it may be more effective to exploit the spatial structure of vision transformers to localize and suppress patch regions that contribute disproportionately to forget-domain prediction. Patches that strongly influence forget-domain prediction may not be equally important for semantic recognition, suggesting that forgetting should be guided according to the domain contribution of different visual regions. Specifically, we propose a two-stage patch-selective framework that first estimates patch-level domain sensitivity and then selectively attenuates patches whose contribution to forget-domain prediction is stronger than their semantic utility. We evaluate our framework on Office-Home, Mini DomainNet, and DomainNet. Experimental results demonstrate improved forgetting-retention tradeoffs compared to prior methods while improving retained-domain recognition by up to 3.8\%. Additional evaluations under visually overlapping and unseen-domain settings further demonstrate improved robustness under distribution shift. Comments: Accepted at BMVC 2026 Subjects: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) Cite as: arXiv:2609.17790 [cs.CV] (or arXiv:2609.17790v1 [cs.CV] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.17790 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Akanksha Singh [view email] [v1] Tue, 15 Sep 2026 19:55:57 UTC (5,010 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Not All Patches Are Equally Forgettable: Spatially Localized Domain Unlearning in Vision-Language Models, by Akanksha Singh and 1 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.CV new | recent | 2026-09 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)