[Submitted on 3 Nov 2026]
Title:Rewrite, Then Veto: Rewriter-Agnostic Edit Gating for LLM-Based Post-OCR Correction
View a PDF of the paper titled Rewrite, Then Veto: Rewriter-Agnostic Edit Gating for LLM-Based Post-OCR Correction, by Jorge Ram\'on Fonseca Cacho
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Abstract:LLMs can repair noisy OCR transcripts of historical documents, but they also change text that was already correct. We propose EditVeto, a veto gate placed after a full-context LLM rewrite. The rewrite is character-aligned to the OCR input, its differences are split into blocks, and a 0.6B-parameter gate keeps or reverts each block. An oracle analysis motivates the design: given the true error locations, per-span generation is worse than no correction, whereas vetoing a full rewrite's edits helps. Trained on rewrites by two Qwen3 models and evaluated, frozen, on the eight HIPE-OCRepair-2026 test sets, the gate improves all five rewriters tested, two of them unseen in training: weighted cMER falls by 0.0026-0.0044 and the preference score rises by 0.15-0.25 (paired bootstrap, p ~ 0.0002 each). On published competition outputs it lowers cMER for three of four teams but raises it for the winning run (0.0050 to 0.0065). In a second, disclosed test look, a retrained gate still improves LoRA-tuned rewriters (cMER -0.0011 to -0.0021), and an ensemble of their gated edits reaches a cMER of 0.0069 and a preference score of 0.928, mostly through fine-tuning and pooling rather than gating. Built only on public models and data, it is behind the winner (0.0050) and tied with the second-ranked run (0.0071), both from the only team using domain pre-training, and ahead of all other published runs. A third, secondary look shows the unchanged gate improving zero-shot Qwen3.8-27B (cMER 0.0114 to 0.0108) but only the preference score of its LoRA-tuned version.
Comments: 26 pages, 3 figures, 12 tables. Code: this https URL models: this https URL
Subjects:
Computation and Language (cs.CL); Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
Cite as: arXiv:2611.05539 [cs.CL]
(or arXiv:2611.05539v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2611.05539
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Submission history
From: Jorge Fonseca Cacho [view email] [v1] Tue, 3 Nov 2026 19:31:36 UTC (277 KB)
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