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Program-Level Adversarial Co-Adaptive Self-Play for Robotic Security

Summary

This paper introduces a framework for program-level adversarial co-adaptive self-play where coding agents generate attacks and defenses from tested opponent code and mission feedback without model fine-tuning. Two eight-generation case studies on autonomous driving and humanoid locomotion show defenders adopting direct-actuation recovery and revised state validation, respectively, but these responses only provide local task recovery, not sustained robustness.

SourcearXiv RoboticsAuthor: Leo Benaharon, Chi Zhang, Wei Zheng, Weifan Zhang, Yifan Wei
Program-Level Adversarial Co-Adaptive Self-Play for Robotic Security
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[Submitted on 26 Oct 2026]

Title:Program-Level Adversarial Co-Adaptive Self-Play for Robotic Security

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Abstract:Coding agents can adapt robotic software by revising executable programs, but successful responses to an evolving opponent may not remain effective. We present a framework for program-level adversarial co-adaptive self-play in which coding agents generate attacks and defenses from tested opponent code and mission feedback, without model fine-tuning. Environment-specific interfaces support external programs for autonomous driving and SDK-level defenses for humanoid locomotion. Two eight-generation case studies reveal concrete software responses: a driving defender introduces direct-actuation recovery, while a humanoid defender revises incoming-state validation. These responses provide local task recovery but do not establish sustained robustness. The framework makes such adaptation and limitations observable through executable artifacts and task-level evidence.

Comments: 8 pages, 5 figures

Subjects:

Robotics (cs.RO)

Cite as: arXiv:2610.36143 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2610.36143v1 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.36143

arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Chi Zhang [view email] [v1] Mon, 26 Oct 2026 18:49:21 UTC (2,501 KB)

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Key points

  • Coding agents can adapt robotic software by revising executable programs, but successful responses to an evolving opponent may not remain effective.
  • The framework uses environment-specific interfaces for autonomous driving external programs and SDK-level defenses for humanoid locomotion.
  • Two eight-generation case studies reveal concrete software responses: direct-actuation recovery for driving and revised incoming-state validation for humanoid.
  • These responses provide local task recovery but do not establish sustained robustness.

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