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[Submitted on 11 Sep 2026] Title:Vibe Patenting: Evaluating LLM Judges for Professional Patent-Drafting Agents View a PDF of the paper titled Vibe Patenting: Evaluating LLM Judges for Professional Patent-Drafting Agents, by Toshiaki Koike-Akino and 4 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:LLM judges are increasingly used to evaluate and improve AI-generated outputs, yet their reliability for complex professional work remains unclear. We study this problem through Vibe Patenting, an end-to-end patent-drafting testbed for AI-agent evaluation. A separately-invoked LLM judge evaluates generated patent drafts and provides structured feedback for iterative revision. Across multiple inventions and drafting-agent configurations, judge-guided revision consistently improves judge-assessed quality, while unguided revision tends to saturate. Notably, iterative judge feedback enables a low-reasoning agent to approach the performance of a substantially more expensive high-reasoning agent. Stronger models and increased reasoning generally improve judge-assessed drafting quality, while domain-specific agentic workflows provide further gains. We validate the judge against independent evaluation by a professional patent attorney and find meaningful but strongly metric-dependent agreement and systematic calibration differences. These results highlight both the utility and limitations of LLM judges as evaluators and optimization signals for complex professional workflows. Comments: 29 pages, 18 figures Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Multiagent Systems (cs.MA) Cite as: arXiv:2609.13422 [cs.AI] (or arXiv:2609.13422v1 [cs.AI] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.13422 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Toshiaki Koike-Akino [view email] [v1] Fri, 11 Sep 2026 18:39:11 UTC (15,225 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Vibe Patenting: Evaluating LLM Judges for Professional Patent-Drafting Agents, by Toshiaki Koike-Akino and 4 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.AI new | recent | 2026-09 Change to browse by: cs cs.LG cs.MA References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)