Position: Quantum Program Generation Must Prioritize Validity Over Probabilistic Scaling
This paper argues that applying the probabilistic scaling paradigm to generic quantum circuit synthesis is a directional error. Quantum circuits require strict adherence to mathematical constraints, manifesting a significant syntax-semantics gap. Since the valid subset of circuit designs decays exponentially with the number of qubits, post-hoc filtering is mathematically intractable. The authors propose a pivot from human-centric copilots to verifier-centric agents, integrating hierarchical constraints, topological masks, and symbolic proxies directly into generation.
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[Submitted on 15 Jul 2026]
Title:Position: Quantum Program Generation Must Prioritize Validity Over Probabilistic Scaling
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Abstract:The scaling hypothesis assumes that increasing model parameters yields emergent reasoning capabilities. This position paper argues that applying this probabilistic paradigm to generic quantum circuit synthesis is a directional error. Unlike natural languages, quantum circuits require strict adherence to mathematical constraints that manifest a significant syntax-semantics gap. Training on unverified quantum programs means that models learn syntax but fail to capture the physical semantics of the Hilbert space. Since the valid subset of circuit designs decays exponentially with the number of qubits, post-hoc filtering is mathematically intractable. We propose a pivot from human-centric copilots to verifier-centric agents. We integrate hierarchical constraints, topological masks, and symbolic proxies directly into generation. Our analysis suggests that scale alone cannot bridge the validity gap. Verification-aware architectures offer a viable path for modular quantum program generation. These considerations point toward generation methods that encode task-specific rules of quantum information, rather than relying on imitation alone.
Comments: Accepted to ICML 2026: this https URL
Subjects:
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Cite as: arXiv:2607.15313 [cs.LG]
(or arXiv:2607.15313v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.15313
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
Submission history
From: Yu Zhou [view email] [v1] Wed, 15 Jul 2026 21:28:59 UTC (504 KB)
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