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--> [Submitted on 4 Aug 2026] Title:Diffuse to Compress: Leveraging Diffusion LMs for Lossless Compression View a PDF of the paper titled Diffuse to Compress: Leveraging Diffusion LMs for Lossless Compression, by Angelo Nardone and Paolo Ferragina View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:We study the problem of lossless text compression, motivated by the rapid growth in the collection and storage of digital textual data - including plain text, source code, and structured formats such as XML - and by recent advances in neural language model-based compression. In particular, recent LLM-based approaches, whether built on symbol-ranking pipelines or paired with a statistical compressor, have demonstrated compression ratios significantly superior to general-purpose compressors such as zstd, gzip, or bzip on text and code. However, these neural approaches suffer from severe throughput limitations, making them not yet practically usable. For the first time in the context of lossless neural text compression, we introduce Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) as an alternative inference paradigm to autoregressive LLM-based approaches. We argue that replacing autoregressive LLMs with DLMs within the same compression framework could overcome the throughput bottleneck caused by their one-symbol-per-step limitation. However, achieving these improvements requires addressing algorithmic challenges introduced by applying DLMs to lossless compression, where the architecture allows the number and positions of symbols encoded at each forward pass to be decided independently. We design efficient and effective strategies to solve these challenges and evaluate them experimentally against LLM-based and general-purpose compressors on enwik8, a well-established textual benchmark. Our results show that the newly proposed DLM-based framework advances the state of the art in lossless text compression. Moreover, as DLMs are still a relatively young paradigm, recent advances toward increasingly capable and efficient models suggest substantial room for further improvements. Comments: 18 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Main paper: 9 pages (7 pages text + 2 pages references). Includes 9 pages of supplementary material Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Information Theory (cs.IT); Machine Learning (cs.LG) ACM classes: E.4; I.2.7; I.2.6 Cite as: arXiv:2608.11249 [cs.CL] (or arXiv:2608.11249v1 [cs.CL] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.11249 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Angelo Nardone [view email] [v1] Tue, 4 Aug 2026 08:19:31 UTC (354 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Diffuse to Compress: Leveraging Diffusion LMs for Lossless Compression, by Angelo Nardone and Paolo Ferragina View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.CL new | recent | 2026-08 Change to browse by: cs cs.AI cs.IT cs.LG math math.IT References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)