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Consistent yet Contextual: Learning Author-Level Mixtures of Style for Authorship Attribution

Summary

This paper improves authorship verification and attribution by modeling authors as mixtures of multiple consistent but distinct writing styles, and finds that authors vary substantially in how idiomatic their writing is across four scenarios.

SourcearXiv Computational LinguisticsAuthor: Omkar Yadav, Michael Jiang, Kenan Alkiek, Jian Zhu, David Jurgens
Consistent yet Contextual: Learning Author-Level Mixtures of Style for Authorship Attribution
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[Submitted on 4 Nov 2026]

Title:Consistent yet Contextual: Learning Author-Level Mixtures of Style for Authorship Attribution

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Abstract:Approaches to authorship verification or attribution typically model the style of a document, asking whether two documents were likely written by the same author. While recent approaches have been performant, such approaches largely ignore modeling the authors themselves and how varied their style is. Here, we introduce multiple alternatives for modeling the author and demonstrate that allowing an author's representation to capture multiple consistent but distinct writing styles yields significant performance improvements. Using our new authorship model, we then examine when an author writes in a way that is most idiomatic of their style across four scenarios: (i) variation in the size of their writing audiences, (ii) temporal distance from when the model was trained, (iii) the effect of preceding context, and (iv) the effect of genre norms on style. Across all four experiments, we demonstrate that authors vary substantially in how idiolectic their writing is. Our results have clear implications for both the modeling and data used for authorship verification and attribution, showing that authors need to be represented with their multiple styles and that some settings produce text that is much more informative about who wrote that text.

Subjects:

Computation and Language (cs.CL)

Cite as: arXiv:2611.07111 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2611.07111v1 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2611.07111

arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: David Jurgens [view email] [v1] Wed, 4 Nov 2026 20:25:47 UTC (187 KB)

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Key points

  • Representing an author with multiple consistent but distinct styles yields significant performance gains for authorship attribution.
  • The study examines when authors write most idiomatically under variations in audience size, temporal distance, preceding context, and genre norms.
  • Authors differ substantially in how much they exhibit idiolectic style, implying models should use multi-style author representations.

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