[2605.06919] Can LLMs Take Retrieved Information with a Grain of Salt?
[Submitted on 7 May 2026]
Title:Can LLMs Take Retrieved Information with a Grain of Salt?
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Abstract:Large language models have demonstrated impressive retrieval-augmented capabilities. However, a crucial area remains underexplored: their ability to appropriately adapt responses to the certainty of the retrieved information. It is a limitation with real consequences in high-stakes domains like medicine and finance. We evaluate eight LLMs on their context-certainty obedience, measuring how well they adjust responses to match expressed context certainty. Our analysis reveals systematic limitations: LLMs struggle to recall prior knowledge after observing an uncertain context, misinterpret expressed certainties, and overtrust complex contexts. To address these, we propose an interaction strategy combining prior reminders, certainty recalibration, and context simplification. This approach reduces obedience errors by 25% on average, without modifying model weights, demonstrating the efficacy of interaction design in enhancing LLM reliability. Our contributions include a principled evaluation metric, empirical insights into LLMs' uncertainty handling, and a portable strategy to improve context-certainty obedience across diverse LLMs.
Subjects:
Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Cite as: arXiv:2605.06919 [cs.CL]
(or arXiv:2605.06919v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.06919
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Submission history
From: Behzad Shayegh [view email] [v1] Thu, 7 May 2026 20:29:22 UTC (359 KB)
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