An offline approach to fNIRS-guided reinforcement learning for robot behavior
This paper explores the feasibility of using brain signals via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to modulate robot reinforcement learning. It compares agents trained on passive (observational) versus active (demonstrative) interaction tasks, and tests multiple methods for enhancing the RL algorithm with the neural signal, focusing on parameter augmentation rather than replacement. The results show that this framework is effective: the neural signal improves learning when augmenting trajectory priorities and state-action q-values. Additionally, the framework learns successfully from offline data, offering a practical alternative for settings where real-time BCI setups are impractical or only limited data is available.
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[Submitted on 15 Jul 2026]
Title:An offline approach to fNIRS-guided reinforcement learning for robot behavior
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Abstract:Human-in-the-loop Reinforcement Learning has become a popular approach to training, finetuning, and aligning robot behavior with user preferences. Our paper explores the feasibility of using brain signals via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to modulate robot learning in simulation. We compare agents trained on passive (observational) versus active (demonstrative) interaction tasks, and test multiple methods for enhancing the RL algorithm with the neural signal, focusing on parameter augmentation rather than replacement. We further examine how model granularity and noise affect agent learning. Our results show that this framework is effective: the neural signal improves learning when augmenting trajectory priorities and state-action q-values. Additionally, the framework learns successfully from offline data, offering a practical alternative for settings where real-time BCI setups are impractical or only limited data is available.
Comments: Preliminary results
Subjects:
Robotics (cs.RO); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Cite as: arXiv:2607.14393 [cs.RO]
(or arXiv:2607.14393v1 [cs.RO] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.14393
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Submission history
From: Julia Santaniello [view email] [v1] Wed, 15 Jul 2026 22:12:39 UTC (601 KB)
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