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A Prompt-Engineering Approach to Develop Scalable, Flexible, and Real-Time Hybrid Micro-Level Personalization in a General Purpose AI Teaching Assistant

Summary

A study presents a prompt-engineering framework for personalizing general-purpose LLM/RAG AI teaching assistants such as Jill Watson without retraining. It builds 96 learner profiles from six dimensions and uses Bloom's Taxonomy to assess query complexity. Experiments and a five-participant human study show perceived and measurable differences in response style and structure.

SourcearXiv AIAuthor: Saptarshi Basu, Sandeep Kakar, Ashok Goel
A Prompt-Engineering Approach to Develop Scalable, Flexible, and Real-Time Hybrid Micro-Level Personalization in a General Purpose AI Teaching Assistant
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[Submitted on 3 Sep 2026]

Title:A Prompt-Engineering Approach to Develop Scalable, Flexible, and Real-Time Hybrid Micro-Level Personalization in a General Purpose AI Teaching Assistant

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Abstract:Artificial intelligence (AI) teaching assistants powered by large language models (LLMs) offer scalable educational support but often provide limited personalization. This study presents a prompt-engineering-based framework for personalizing general-purpose LLM/RAG-based AI teaching assistants such as Jill Watson across academic disciplines and courses. The framework adapts responses using six learner-specific dimensions: self-assessment, abstraction preference, verbosity preference, perceptual orientation, information processing style, and level of understanding, yielding 96 distinct learner profiles. Student queries are additionally analyzed using Bloom's Taxonomy to estimate cognitive complexity at the interaction level. Learner attributes and cognitive assessments are encoded in structured prompts that condition the LLM without requiring model retraining. The framework is evaluated through experiments using NLP metrics and a human study with five participants. Results show perceived differences in response style and structure across personalization conditions, with statistical analyses identifying learner attributes associated with measurable response changes. These findings provide preliminary evidence that prompt-based personalization can support adaptive behavior in LLM-powered educational agents.

Comments: 7 pages, 9 figures, IAAI27 conference

Subjects:

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

Cite as: arXiv:2609.03402 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2609.03402v1 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.03402

arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Saptarshi Basu [view email] [v1] Thu, 3 Sep 2026 06:01:47 UTC (3,246 KB)

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Key points

  • Proposes a prompt-based personalization framework for general-purpose AI teaching assistants, avoiding model retraining.
  • Combines six learner dimensions (96 profiles) with Bloom's Taxonomy for interaction-level cognitive assessment.
  • NLP metrics and a human study with five participants indicate measurable, perceived response changes.

Highlights and analysis are generated automatically and may contain errors. Check the original source.