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Can AI Music Tools Replace Epidemic Sound? An Honest Look

← Back to blog Can AI Music Tools Really Replace Epidemic Sound? An Honest Look MuseGen Team 7/30/2026 #Epidemic Sound alternative#AI music vs stock music#royalty-free AI music#AI music for creators If you make videos,…

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  • ← Back to blog Can AI Music Tools Really Replace Epidemic Sound? An Honest Look MuseGen Team 7/30/2026 #Epidemic Sound alternative#AI music vs stock music#royalty-free AI music#AI…
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Utilities Break California Lobbying Record Under Newsom While Former Aides Lead

New disclosures show utilities spent a record $16.7 million lobbying Sacramento through the first six quarters of the 2025–2026 legislative session as lawmakers consider a utility bailout in end of session scramble Sacr…

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  • New disclosures show utilities spent a record $16.7 million lobbying Sacramento through the first six quarters of the 2025–2026 legislative session as lawmakers consider a utility…
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Universal adapter vs. travel charger: Confused? Here's the device you need most

These are two different products, but consumers end up confused because of misinformation and poor marketing copy.

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  • These are two different products, but consumers end up confused because of misinformation and poor marketing copy.
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New AI Agent to Autonomously Prepare and Send Docs Out for Signature

DocEndorse AI Agent & Slack Integration | Slack Marketplace You must enable javascript in order to use Slack. You can do this in your browser settings. Browse Apps Sign In To InstallLearn More DocEndorse AI Agent Sign I…

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  • DocEndorse AI Agent & Slack Integration | Slack Marketplace You must enable javascript in order to use Slack. You can do this in your browser settings. Browse Apps Sign In To Inst…
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MREA – Open-source governance framework for multi-role AI agents

Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 0 Star 0 BranchesTags Open more actions menu Latest commit History 2 Commits 2 Commits Folders and files NameName Last commit message Last commit…

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How Capital Markets Finance Protects Balance Sheet Returns

An insurer settles a claim months after the loss. An asset manager marks someone...

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  • An insurer settles a claim months after the loss. An asset manager marks someone...
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AI and Constitutions (From My Email)

“Dear Tyler, I enjoyed reading your notes on visiting Anthropic to advise on Claude’s constitution. Framing AI governance around the common law, case law (“Talmud”), and independent adjudication is a much more adaptive…

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  • “Dear Tyler, I enjoyed reading your notes on visiting Anthropic to advise on Claude’s constitution. Framing AI governance around the common law, case law (“Talmud”), and independe…
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AI Book Scanning: Just What Is a Rare Book?

One of the stories of the last few weeks has been that AI companies have been scanning books in very large numbers in order to train their models with content guaranteed to have been written before 2002, and thus AI fre…

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  • One of the stories of the last few weeks has been that AI companies have been scanning books in very large numbers in order to train their models with content guaranteed to have b…
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Banco BS2 takes a foundation-first approach to scaling enterprise AI

Scaling enterprise AI depends on more than deploying intelligent agents. For Banco BS2, a Brasil-based digital bank, it begins with establishing the infrastructure, governance and operational discipline needed to support AI before expanding its use across the organization. Operating in Brasil’s highly regulated banking environment makes that foundation especially important. The country’s financial institutions must […] The post Banco BS2 takes a foundation-first approach to scaling enterprise AI appeared first on SiliconANGLE.

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  • Scaling enterprise AI depends on more than deploying intelligent agents. For Banco BS2, a Brasil-based digital bank, it begins with establishing the infrastructure, governance and…
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Anthropic updates Claude’s memory to enhance customization and protect sensitive topics

Artificial intelligence startup Anthropic PBC announced today it’s changing how Claude, its flagship AI product, uses memory by allowing users to see everything it remembers “topic by topic,” and edit or delete any of it. Claude also does not store sensitive subjects by default. This includes topics mentioned by users, including health concerns, race, ethnicity, […] The post Anthropic updates Claude’s memory to enhance customization and protect sensitive topics appeared first on SiliconANGLE.

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  • Artificial intelligence startup Anthropic PBC announced today it’s changing how Claude, its flagship AI product, uses memory by allowing users to see everything it remembers “topi…
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Anthropic gives chat and Cowork one memory

On Tuesday, Anthropic launched a major update to how Claude remembers things. The new system combines Claude’s memory in Cowork The post Anthropic gives chat and Cowork one memory appeared first on The New Stack.

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  • On Tuesday, Anthropic launched a major update to how Claude remembers things. The new system combines Claude’s memory in Cowork The post Anthropic gives chat and Cowork one memory…
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Anthropic's Claude and Cowork will share memories about you now - unless you opt out

Anthropic is merging Claude chat and Cowork memory, raising privacy questions about what AI remembers and if it's worth the tradeoff.

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  • Anthropic is merging Claude chat and Cowork memory, raising privacy questions about what AI remembers and if it's worth the tradeoff.
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Governed reports with Amazon Quick Desktop and Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP

Build a governed weekly reporting workflow with Amazon Quick Desktop and Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP. An Amazon S3 access point exposes an approved folder to a Quick knowledge base, and a custom skill drafts cited weekly reports and Slack summaries with human review before anything is shared.

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  • Build a governed weekly reporting workflow with Amazon Quick Desktop and Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP. An Amazon S3 access point exposes an approved folder to a Quick knowledge bas…
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A primer and taxonomy for agent sandboxes

All posts Sandboxing: One Word, Many Variations — A Primer for the Agent Era SecurityAI AgentsSandboxingSoftware Architecture Luke Hinds Co-founder & CEO·August 25, 2026 Sandboxing is a security technique that runs a wo…

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  • All posts Sandboxing: One Word, Many Variations — A Primer for the Agent Era SecurityAI AgentsSandboxingSoftware Architecture Luke Hinds Co-founder & CEO·August 25, 2026 Sandboxin…
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Agaro Technologies

AI THAT DOES THE WORK AI employees for your business. Agaro builds AI employees and AI agents that handle calls, chats, workflows, reports, and custom software. We connect them to the tools your team already uses and la…

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  • AI THAT DOES THE WORK AI employees for your business. Agaro builds AI employees and AI agents that handle calls, chats, workflows, reports, and custom software. We connect them to…
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Choosing Data Governance Tools for Enterprise Data Governance

Data governance tools are software platforms that help organizations catalog, secure,...

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  • Data governance tools are software platforms that help organizations catalog, secure,...
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Australia may face a rush of datacentre construction as AI firms look to dodge upcoming rules, experts say

Regulations will require new sites to avoid pushing up power prices by building renewable energy plants and minimising water use Get our breaking news email, free app or daily news podcast Planned datacentres around Australia may avoid strict new rules being proposed by Anthony Albanese if they can secure approvals in the coming months, amid growing calls growing for a moratorium. The prime minister is aiming to come to an agreement with national cabinet on federal regulations for datacentres at a meeting on Wednesday. Continue reading...

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  • Regulations will require new sites to avoid pushing up power prices by building renewable energy plants and minimising water use Get our breaking news email, free app or daily new…
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Show HN: Turn any website into a CLI for AI agents (142x fewer tokens than HTML)

Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 14 Star 294 BranchesTags Open more actions menu Latest commit History 135 Commits 135 Commits Folders and files NameName Last commit message Last…

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  • Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 14 Star 294 BranchesTags Open more actions menu Latest commit History 135 Commits 135 Commits Folders and…
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KAR AI

AI car research, built in Greece Know before you buy. Not after. Researching your next car? KAR checks real listings, safety data and true running costs across Europe, then shows you the few that actually fit. Find My C…

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  • AI car research, built in Greece Know before you buy. Not after. Researching your next car? KAR checks real listings, safety data and true running costs across Europe, then shows…
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We open-sourced Myli: a harness for AI design agents

Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page. Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 1 Star 3 BranchesTags Open more actions menu Latest commit History 10 Commits 10…

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  • Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page. Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 1 Star 3 BranchesTags Open more actions…
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What is a Forward Deployed Engineer? Role, Skills & Salary

A forward deployed engineer (FDE) is a software engineer who embeds directly inside a customer’s team and infrastructure to build, integrate, and run production systems, instead of building a generic product from headquarters. Consultants deliver recommendations. An FDE delivers working code that stays in production. Therefore, the reason this job exists is uncomfortable. MIT’s NANDA […] The post What is a Forward Deployed Engineer? Role, Skills & Salary appeared first on Analytics Vidhya.

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  • A forward deployed engineer (FDE) is a software engineer who embeds directly inside a customer’s team and infrastructure to build, integrate, and run production systems, instead o…
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OpenAI subpoenaed by Alabama AG over Hugging Face hack

Alabama's attorney general issued a subpoena to OpenAI on Monday as part of an investigation into how one of its AI agents escaped a supposedly secure testing environment and autonomously hacked another company last month. The investigation seeks to determine whether OpenAI's safety practices violated state consumer protection laws and pose a risk to Alabama citizens, the AG's office said in a statement. "This AI lab leak showed that Alabamians' and Americans' worst fears about artificial intelligence are not just theoretical," said Attorney General Steve Marshall. "Our investigation seeks to uncover the facts and address hard truths abo … Read the full story at The Verge.

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  • Alabama's attorney general issued a subpoena to OpenAI on Monday as part of an investigation into how one of its AI agents escaped a supposedly secure testing environment and auto…
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Retrieval is a measurement instrument, and nobody reports its coverage

My Agent Answers From 0.6% of Its Corpus and Reports It Like a Full Read Retrieval is not the evidence. It is a measurement instrument, and nobody reports its coverage. My portfolio agent holds 1,003 indexed chunks. Whe…

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  • My Agent Answers From 0.6% of Its Corpus and Reports It Like a Full Read Retrieval is not the evidence. It is a measurement instrument, and nobody reports its coverage. My portfol…
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Show HN: I built an AI music generator with some harnesses

Make an original song in minutes AI Music Generator Describe the sound in your head and create original music. Start free, no music production experience needed. Describe your song Need an idea? Listen before you create…

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  • Make an original song in minutes AI Music Generator Describe the sound in your head and create original music. Start free, no music production experience needed. Describe your son…
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Open Table Formats Explained: Iceberg vs. Delta vs. Hudi

Open table formats are metadata layers that sit on top of data files in object storage, adding ACID transactions...

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  • Open table formats are metadata layers that sit on top of data files in object storage, adding ACID transactions...
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Show HN: CookWing, an AI chef that doesn't hallucinate quantities

CookWing: AI Recipe Chef - Apps on Google Play CookWing: AI Recipe Chef RedWing Inc. In-app purchases Everyone info 1+ Downloads Everyone Learn more Ever followed an AI-generated recipe exactly, only to wonder halfway t…

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  • CookWing: AI Recipe Chef - Apps on Google Play CookWing: AI Recipe Chef RedWing Inc. In-app purchases Everyone info 1+ Downloads Everyone Learn more Ever followed an AI-generated…
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Show HN: When AI Decides What Matters

Disclosure: These views are my own and do not represent my current or any former employers. Executive summary Email, calendar, meeting, and notification assistants are increasingly presented as a way to begin the day wi…

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  • Disclosure: These views are my own and do not represent my current or any former employers. Executive summary Email, calendar, meeting, and notification assistants are increasingl…
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The AI Verification Bottleneck: Why Writing Code Is No Longer the Hard Part

AI is making software cheaper to produce. The harder problem is establishing that the software is correct, secure, and safe to deploy. For years, improving developer productivity largely meant reducing the time required…

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  • AI is making software cheaper to produce. The harder problem is establishing that the software is correct, secure, and safe to deploy. For years, improving developer productivity…
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Cloudflare OS: Open-Source Corp AI Platform Built on a Capability-Based Model

Cloudflare recently open-sourced Cloudflare OS on GitHub. Cloudflare OS allows enterprise teams to output work artifacts grounded in enterprise knowledge, know-how, and provisioned connectors, automate repetitive workfl…

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  • Cloudflare recently open-sourced Cloudflare OS on GitHub. Cloudflare OS allows enterprise teams to output work artifacts grounded in enterprise knowledge, know-how, and provisione…
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Position: Robot Privacy as Embodied Boundary Work. Connecting Capabilities, Contexts, and Design Responses in Everyday Robotics

arXiv:2608.21410v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robots are increasingly entering everyday environments where privacy is shaped not only by data practices, but also by spatial, bodily, social, and relational boundaries. Their embodied capabilities allow them to reshape these boundaries through situated action, challenging privacy framings centered on data flows, interface settings, or one-time consent. Prior work has examined robot privacy through sensing, data collection, telepresence, transparency, consent, bystander awareness, and multi-stakeholder governance. Building on this work, we propose embodied boundary privacy as a capability-by-context framing for examining how physically present robots may reshape privacy boundaries in situated interaction. Specifically, this framing organizes privacy risks across seven robot capabilities and five deployment contexts, asking how embodied capabilities enable boundary crossings and how situated contexts shape who is affected, how these crossings are interpreted, and when they become contested. We use this perspective to outline design and research implications for embodied privacy mechanisms, including boundary checkpoints, viewpoint-aware sensing control, remote-presence disclosure, object- and body-level access rules, constraints on socially persuasive privacy influence, and local interruption rights. We encourage HRI research, design, and governance to treat robot movement, orientation, proximity, object access, remote presence, and social expression as privacy-relevant actions whose meaning depends on context.

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  • arXiv:2608.21410v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robots are increasingly entering everyday environments where privacy is shaped not only by data practices, but also by spatial, bod…
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Mamba-based Selective State Space Modeling Improves the Accuracy-Complexity Tradeoff of SmolVLA Vision-Language-Action Experts

arXiv:2608.21407v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) models face a crucial tradeoff between their task success rate and the policy-call frequency. Executing a single action per inference ($N=1$) enables accurate robot control but comes at the cost of huge compute time overheads, making real-time implementation infeasible. On the other hand, executing longer action horizons before replanning ($N\gg1$) reduces compute complexity, but inevitably degrades the system's success rate. In order to improve the VLA accuracy-complexity tradeoff, this paper investigates Mamba's selective state-space modeling as an alternative to causal self-attention within the action expert of the popular SmolVLA model, widely used as a reference model for its highly accurate yet low complexity nature. We evaluate both the Mamba- and Transformer-based experts on the widely-adopted LIBERO benchmark suites across three execution horizons $N\!\in\!\{1,25,50\}$, respectively corresponding to high, moderate and low compute complexities. Our results remarkably show that the advantage of the Mamba expert increases with the execution horizon, indicating significant success retention under long execution horizons $N = 50$ and $N = 25$. When $N = 50$ actions are executed before replanning (i.e., corresponding to feasible real-time deployment), the Mamba expert outperforms the Transformer baseline by $7.8\%$. In addition, when $N = 25$ actions are executed before replanning, our Mamba expert outperforms the Transformer baseline by $3.7\%$. Finally, under per-action replanning ($N=1$), our Mamba variant matches the Transformer-based mean success rate while significantly reducing the overall model parameter complexity by $24\%$ thanks to Mamba's compute-efficient nature.

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  • arXiv:2608.21407v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) models face a crucial tradeoff between their task success rate and the policy-call frequency. Executin…
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ODG-NoMaD: Overhead-Camera Direction-Guided NoMaD

arXiv:2608.21395v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: NoMaD [31] is a learned vision-navigation policy that unifies goal-conditioned navigation and exploration in a single goal-masked diffusion policy. In an unseen environment, however - where neither a goal image nor a topological map is available - it can only explore undirectedly, wandering without global awareness. We present ODG-NoMaD, which gives NoMaD's exploration mode a global sense of where to proceed, without retraining the policy. An overhead depth camera is used once on deployment to build an occupancy map and plan a global path, which is segmented to yield a desired heading; a per-frame traversability map from the robot's onboard depth then refines this into a collision-free direction. The gradient of a cosine direction cost is injected into the final denoising steps, rotating sampled trajectories toward this direction while preserving the multimodality of exploration. In simulated office environments with and without random obstacles, ODG-NoMaD reduces the residual distance to the target by up to an order of magnitude over unguided exploration, outperforms the point-goal cost guidance of NaviDiffusor [37], and is the only configuration that remains collision-free on every trial.

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  • arXiv:2608.21395v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: NoMaD [31] is a learned vision-navigation policy that unifies goal-conditioned navigation and exploration in a single goal-masked d…
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Aligning Human Sense: Calibrated Distributional Reward Learning for Video Generation

arXiv:2608.21425v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video generation is central to AI-powered content creation. Aligning generated videos with human preferences is a key criterion for evaluating generation quality. Despite significant progress in visual quality, three key challenges remain. First, the reliability of reward signals is constrained by the quality of human preference data, which is often affected by subjective noise and bias. Second, standard scalar reward models collapse multi-aspect human preferences into a single value, leading to the loss of dynamic trade-offs across multiple preference dimensions. Third, in policy optimization, the widely adopted KL divergence imposes primarily local constraints and may fail to capture the global structure of human preferences. To address these challenges, we propose a unified preference-aware learning framework for video generation. First, we introduce elite-guided filtering to calibrate preference data and construct reliable supervision for reward model training. We then model video quality as a multidimensional reward distribution to capture the uncertainty inherent in human preferences, and use the Wasserstein distance to align the learned reward distribution with the empirical human preference distribution. Finally, we introduce Wasserstein-based distributional alignment into GRPO, guiding policy optimization to better match the global structure of human preferences over videos. Experiments on reward modeling and video generation demonstrate that our approach improves the reliability of reward signals and the perceptual consistency of generated videos. Our code is available at https://github.com/alignhs26/ahs.

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  • arXiv:2608.21425v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video generation is central to AI-powered content creation. Aligning generated videos with human preferences is a key criterion for…
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AIREP: A Protocol for Per-Decision Evidence in AI Runtime Governance

arXiv:2608.21363v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A protocol is presented for recording the governance decisions of automated AI runtimes. When a runtime releases, blocks, defers, redacts, or escalates an individual output, AIREP records that decision as a single signed object that any party can check offline, independent of the runtime that produced it. A record carries the decision as one of a closed set of verbs under a stated policy basis, references its input, output, and evidence by hash rather than by value, and declares both what its evidence covers and what it does not. Records form a SHA-256 hash chain that binds each record to its position, so that tampering and gaps are detectable by recomputation. Vendor-, model-, and domain-specific content is confined to a single optional namespace, and a mechanical neutrality test keeps the shared format free of it. A reference implementation and a two-language conformance kit are described. Some implementation issues are considered, and problems such as alignment of the canonical form across implementations, freshness witnesses, and multi-runtime chains are exposed. The format is offered for adoption by any AI runtime that records governance decisions.

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  • arXiv:2608.21363v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A protocol is presented for recording the governance decisions of automated AI runtimes. When a runtime releases, blocks, defers, r…
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Thomson Reuters Standard for High Stakes AI

May 13, 2026 | AI and product innovation Thomson Reuters Standard for High Stakes AI As AI moves from experimentation into everyday professional use, a higher standard is required. Not all AI is used the same way, and i…

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  • May 13, 2026 | AI and product innovation Thomson Reuters Standard for High Stakes AI As AI moves from experimentation into everyday professional use, a higher standard is required…
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Bulgaria neutralizes GPS jammer that suppressed Sofia Airport signals

Bulgaria’s State Agency for National Security (DANS) said it located and neutralized a powerful jammer that was suppressing GPS frequencies across Sofia, including at Sofia Airport (SOF), in a joint operation with the C…

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  • Bulgaria’s State Agency for National Security (DANS) said it located and neutralized a powerful jammer that was suppressing GPS frequencies across Sofia, including at Sofia Airpor…
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Alabama Investigates OpenAI on HuggingFace Hacking Incident

Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall launched an investigation into OpenAI’s security procedures after one of its AI agents escaped a testing environment and hacked AI firm Hugging Face in July. OpenAI now faces a su…

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  • Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall launched an investigation into OpenAI’s security procedures after one of its AI agents escaped a testing environment and hacked AI firm Hug…
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Claude Desktop support with Ollama

Claude Desktop can now be configured to work with Ollama as a third-party gateway provider, making it possible to use open models in Claude.

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  • Claude Desktop can now be configured to work with Ollama as a third-party gateway provider, making it possible to use open models in Claude.
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Replace "using AI" with "using computers"

When cloud computing was a new, cool buzzword thrown around that no one understood, a shortcut was suggested whether it is the right solution: In any sentence, replace “in the cloud” with “on another person’s computer”.…

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  • When cloud computing was a new, cool buzzword thrown around that no one understood, a shortcut was suggested whether it is the right solution: In any sentence, replace “in the clo…
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AI billing tool is fast. Is it accurate enough to pass an audit?

Verify 837P claims against clinical evidence Product identity PrismClaim is Zero-trust 837P professional claim verification middleware. Insight IT Solutions LLC (Insight ITS) makes it. Category: Research — 837P claim ve…

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  • Verify 837P claims against clinical evidence Product identity PrismClaim is Zero-trust 837P professional claim verification middleware. Insight IT Solutions LLC (Insight ITS) make…
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Mathematical Theories Could Be the Key to Explainable AI Systems

Kodamai, an enterprise AI startup, is addressing the growing concerns around the explainability and governance of AI systems by applying mathematically grounded theories.

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  • Kodamai, an enterprise AI startup, is addressing the growing concerns around the explainability and governance of AI systems by applying mathematically grounded theories.
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Generating scenarios for extreme events, without extreme data

A new algorithm learns to anticipate the unprecedented scenarios that critical infrastructure and global supply chains are least prepared for.

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  • A new algorithm learns to anticipate the unprecedented scenarios that critical infrastructure and global supply chains are least prepared for.
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Relational vs Non-Relational Database: Choosing the Right Data Store

Choosing between relational and non-relational databases is one of the most consequential...

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  • Choosing between relational and non-relational databases is one of the most consequential...
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Agentic Resource Discovery (ARD): An open specification for agent discovery

AWS Agent Registry gives your organization a centralized, searchable catalog for agents, tools, and skills. It works with the open Agentic Resource Discovery (ARD) standard to enable cross-environment discovery and governance at scale.

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  • AWS Agent Registry gives your organization a centralized, searchable catalog for agents, tools, and skills. It works with the open Agentic Resource Discovery (ARD) standard to ena…
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Building a restaurant telephony AI host with Amazon Connect

Learn how to build a voice ordering system for restaurants that answers a phone call and takes an order end to end, with no app, no website, and no sign-in. It uses Amazon Connect for telephony, Amazon Connect Agentic Voice for real-time speech, an Amazon Connect AI agent for reasoning, and Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Gateway to reach backend tools through MCP.

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  • Learn how to build a voice ordering system for restaurants that answers a phone call and takes an order end to end, with no app, no website, and no sign-in. It uses Amazon Connect…
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Self-Driving Cars Could Someday Take Requests

This article is part of our exclusive IEEE Journal Watch series in partnership with IEEE Xplore. The idea of letting a machine do the driving for you may put a lot of people off autonomous vehicles. But research could make it possible to backseat-drive an autonomous vehicle just as you might with a human driver. Self-driving cars carefully balance a host of parameters to ensure a smooth ride, including things like speed, acceleration, and the smoothness of turns. But human driving preferences can often vary depending on how much of a rush they’re in, whether they’re feeling carsick, or how busy the traffic is. These cars have a software component called the motion planner, which is responsible for choosing a safe and efficient path through traffic. The motion planner is normally tuned by engineers before the vehicles hit the road so that there’s little scope for passengers to adjust a vehicle’s driving style on the fly. But now researchers at the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) in the Netherlands have developed a system that uses a large language model (LLM) to translate natural-language user requests such as “I am running late, go fast” into adjustments to a self-driving control system. The researchers posted their preprint on arXiv and are presenting the work at the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference in September. LLMs Personalize Autonomous Driving The system doesn’t give users direct control over the vehicle’s driving decisions; it simply tunes the parameters of a safety-aware motion-planning algorithm, which helps to keep the vehicle’s behavior within safe bounds. And the system keeps the human in the loop by describing how it’s going to alter its behavior in nontechnical language, and by asking the passenger to confirm before making changes. When the system was tested in simulation, the researchers found it adjusted the speed and smoothness of driving in line with natural-language instructions. “The motion-planning problem is not only about reaching a place while avoiding collisions, it’s also how you do it,” says lead author Diego Martinez-Baselga, a postdoctoral researcher at TU Delft. “The motivation here is trying to make the way the autonomous car drives adaptable by end users easily, just by talking to the car.” Previous research has investigated the potential of using LLMs and video-language models (VLMs) to direct decision-making for self-driving vehicles, but the researchers deliberately targeted driving style instead. Using LLMs and VLMs to directly control vehicles faces several challenges, says Martinez-Baselga. These include relatively slow response times, which can make these models unsuitable for the fast-paced decision-making required in driving, and the fact that they can’t provide concrete performance guarantees in the way a deterministic motion planner can. Instead, the researchers used an LLM’s language and reasoning capabilities to translate fuzzy human preferences into something a vehicle’s motion planner can use. The system relies on a model predictive-path integral controller previously developed by the researchers, which identifies multiple paths the vehicle could take to reach its goal and then judges them on various criteria, including speed, steering angle, and collision probability. It then finds an optimal path that is a combination of the trajectories that scored best on those judging criteria. The team combined this with OpenAI’s GPT-4o-mini model to parse passengers’ natural-language suggestions and use them to tune how the controller chooses its path. The model is given the users’ prompt and a natural-language description of the scenario the vehicle is operating in. The description was handwritten by the researchers for the purposes of the study, but it could ultimately be provided directly by a car’s perception system, says Martinez-Baselga. The model doesn’t directly tweak the settings of the controller; it uses the prompt to rate the relative importance of the judging criteria the controller uses to assess trajectories. This rating is then used to adjust each criteria up or down either side of a safe baseline set by the researchers. So, if a user says they are feeling dizzy, the LLM will dial up parameters that encourage smooth steering and gentle acceleration to make the vehicle favor more sedate travel. Prior to making any changes, however, the model first presents the user with a natural-language description of the adjustments it plans to implement. The user can then sign off on the plan or make further suggestions. The system is also interactive, so the user can request further adjustments if the vehicle’s behavior doesn’t match expectations or the user‘s preferences change. Martinez-Baselga says this human-in-the-loop system allows the passenger to catch instances when the model misinterprets prompts. But it also helps deal with the inherent subjectivity of suggestions like “go faster” or the possibility that models don’t accurately describe changes they plan to make. In that case the passenger can simply follow up with additional prompts “as you would do if you were in a taxi or with a friend that is driving,” says Martinez-Baselga. The researchers tested the system in the popular self-driving simulator nuPlan in scenarios that involved merging onto a busy highway. Across eight different prompts, the system changed the controller’s parameters in ways matching user intent, with requests for a more comfortable ride dialing up smoothness and those indicating urgency leading to higher speeds. This isn’t the first time LLMs have been used to tune a self-driving car’s motion planner. Nicolas Baumann, a Ph.D. student at ETH Zurich in Switzerland, published research last year in which an LLM tweaked the parameters of a model racing-car controller, allowing the user to alter driving style but also give more concrete instructions like “reverse the car” or “maintain a specific speed.” The strength of the approach, says Baumann, is that separating the LLM from the main controller means that even if the model hallucinates, it can’t do anything dangerous. “You get the possibility of language interaction, but you can guarantee that it is going to be within the constraints of this classical controller, so you can bake in safety,” he says. However, setting these constraints requires considerable engineering work, he adds. And if you want provable safety, you need to go a step further, says Matthias Althoff, a professor of cyberphysical systems at the Technical University of Munich. His group built a system that gets an LLM to suggest driving decisions, but then uses a mathematical process to check them against traffic rules and predictions about the behavior of other road users. This makes it possible to verify their safety before committing to them, something the Delft paper doesn’t provide. “As with any LLM, it is not guaranteed that the result is correct,” says Althoff. “For that reason, we safeguard the decisions of the LLM in our works.”

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