[Submitted on 11 Sep 2026]
Title:ZGCM-1: A Fully Open and Extremely Efficient Foundation Model for Math and Agentic Search
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Abstract:In this work, we present ZGCM-1, a fully open 7B dense foundation model trained from scratch with extreme data, system, and algorithmic efficiency. ZGCM-1 is founded on a core premise: compact models cannot passively memorize the open web, but can overcome parametric capacity limits by coupling deliberate internal thinking with active external tool use. To support this paradigm across a 256K context, we develop an end-to-end, high-efficiency open training recipe: Architecture & System Co-design: interleaved gated sliding-window and full attention, and a stable FP8 Muon optimizer; Progressive Curriculum & MDP Mid-Training: context scaling across 16K, 64K, and 256K, and the reformulation of interaction traces into Markov Decision Processes. Furthermore, we establish an AI-native R&D workflow where agent swarms autonomously manage cluster operations, data curation, and rapid diagnostic evaluation. Extensive evaluations show that ZGCM-1-7B is competitive across 7B model family on general benchmarks. On several challenging mathematical reasoning and agentic search suites, it remains competitive with frontier models orders of magnitude larger, such as Qwen3-235B-A22B and GLM-5.1. We also show that our pre-training design offers a ~4.2x efficiency improvement in 16K pre-training time-to-loss. Across the full development lifecycle, we distill eight actionable empirical findings-spanning architectural scaling, SFT quality pruning, long-context generalization, and agentic co-training dynamics. To facilitate community research, we open-source model weights from the pre-training, mid-training, and post-training stages, intermediate checkpoints, training code, per-stage data and data recipes, and W&B logs.
Subjects:
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Cite as: arXiv:2609.13356 [cs.AI]
(or arXiv:2609.13356v1 [cs.AI] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.13356
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Submission history
From: Jiyan He [view email] [v1] Fri, 11 Sep 2026 17:18:04 UTC (8,333 KB)
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