[Submitted on 20 Oct 2026]
Title:WorldStream: Streaming Interactive 3D Worlds with Hierarchical Planning and Persistent State
View a PDF of the paper titled WorldStream: Streaming Interactive 3D Worlds with Hierarchical Planning and Persistent State, by Xiaoxiao Ma and 13 other authors
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Abstract:We present WorldStream, an open-ended 3D world model with three simultaneous capabilities: it extends playable terrain beyond any pre-specified map, acts on open-ended language in the running world, and restores visited places with their edits. A hierarchical planner over a typed decision model emits structured decision state: Macro fixes settlement, ecology, transport, and hydrological structure across a group of tiles; Micro specializes that contract into tile semantics under measured terrain and accepted neighbor commitments. Deterministic local code compiles accepted plans into terrain, roads, settlements, vegetation, and entities. Streaming separates their reach: plans run ahead along the predicted corridor, compilation only where movement will soon need it, geometry behind the user released. One world record retains plans, seeds, object identities and mutable state, boundary commitments, and edits by attribute, revised as the user advances and edits; returning tiles recompile from it. The same record grounds interaction: the model acts on existing entities, including stateful NPCs that update as they act, edits the present region, or attaches intent to unplanned regions. Together they yield a world expanding under bounded budgets, connected across independently planned tiles, and interactive.
Comments: 19 pages, 18 figures
Subjects:
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Graphics (cs.GR)
Cite as: arXiv:2610.28827 [cs.CV]
(or arXiv:2610.28827v1 [cs.CV] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.28827
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Submission history
From: Xiaoxiao Ma [view email] [v1] Tue, 20 Oct 2026 18:47:26 UTC (21,708 KB)
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