[Submitted on 13 Oct 2026]
Title:Why Do VLMs Fail at Remote Physiological Measurement? Rethinking with Physiological Grounding and Numerical Alignment
View a PDF of the paper titled Why Do VLMs Fail at Remote Physiological Measurement? Rethinking with Physiological Grounding and Numerical Alignment, by Xiao Yang and 7 other authors
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Abstract:Video-based remote physiological measurement (RPM) has broad applications, while Vision-Language Models (VLMs) provide a promising opportunity to enable end-to-end physiological monitoring for future human-aware intelligent systems. However, existing RPM methods rely on task-specific models and cannot be seamlessly integrated with the multimodal understanding and interaction capabilities of VLMs. We revisit RPM with VLMs and provide empirical evidence for two major bottlenecks: generic visual semantic representations fail to preserve fine-grained physiological cues; while discrete token prediction in autoregressive generation is inherently misaligned with continuous numerical measurement. To address these challenges, we propose VITAL (Visual-physiological Token Alignment for Language Models), a visual-physiological token alignment framework for RPM and preserving general vision tasks. VITAL retains the original visual pathway for semantic understanding and introduces an independent physiological pathway to jointly model semantic and physiological information. Moreover, we propose a structured numerical alignment approach to improve the reliability of generative heart rate estimation by enhancing numerical relationship modeling. Extensive experiments show that VITAL improves cross-domain estimation performance on multiple rPPG datasets while preserving the general visual understanding capability of VLMs, demonstrating its effectiveness as a unified visual-physiological model. Code will be released.
Subjects:
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
Cite as: arXiv:2610.19052 [cs.CV]
(or arXiv:2610.19052v1 [cs.CV] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.19052
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Submission history
From: Xiao Yang [view email] [v1] Tue, 13 Oct 2026 18:50:21 UTC (1,379 KB)
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