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WHERE to Generate Matters: Budget-Aware Synthetic Augmentation for Label Skewed Federated Learning

Summary

A new method, FedEAS, addresses label skew in federated learning by adaptively allocating per-class generation budgets to clients based on their local label distributions. It recovers most accuracy gains of full class balancing while reducing the generation budget by 94.1%.

SourcearXiv Machine LearningAuthor: Sangwoo Lee, Sunghwan Park, Jaewoo Lee
WHERE to Generate Matters: Budget-Aware Synthetic Augmentation for Label Skewed Federated Learning
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[Submitted on 7 Jul 2026]

Title:WHERE to Generate Matters: Budget-Aware Synthetic Augmentation for Label Skewed Federated Learning

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Abstract:Label skew in federated learning (FL) causes client drift and degrades global accuracy. Synthetic data augmentation can reduce this imbalance; however, full class balancing requires substantial computation cost. We propose FedEAS, a policy that assigns each client an entropy-adaptive per-class generation budget computed from its local label distribution. The budget jointly decides \emph{how much} each client generates and \emph{WHERE} the samples go. Accordingly, the total generation budget follows from the per-client budgets rather than being fixed in advance. FedEAS recovers most of the accuracy gain of full class balancing while reducing the generation budget by 94.1\%. At the same total generation budget, it outperforms Uniform allocation by up to 18.82\% across CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100.

Comments: preprint

Subjects:

Machine Learning (cs.LG); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)

Cite as: arXiv:2607.06616 [cs.LG]

(or arXiv:2607.06616v1 [cs.LG] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.06616

arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Sunghwan Park [view email] [v1] Tue, 7 Jul 2026 08:25:04 UTC (1,090 KB)

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Key points and analysis

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Key points

  • FedEAS reduces synthetic data generation cost by 94.1% while maintaining accuracy close to full class balancing.
  • The method achieves up to 18.82% improvement over uniform budget allocation on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100.
  • Per-client budgets are computed using entropy of local label distributions, guiding both quantity and destination of generated samples.

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