Unsupervised Keypoints for Real-Time Fall Detection: Comparative Analysis Under Real-world Conditions with Predictive Bandwidth Reduction
Falls among older adults are a major safety challenge, but continuous monitoring is difficult to sustain. This paper proposes a privacy-preserving framework using unsupervised keypoints and predictive temporal modeling to replace RGB transmission, performing segmentation and keypoint extraction locally and detecting falls via variational recurrent prediction and sequence classification. Evaluations on UR Fall Detection and Human Fall datasets show that unsupervised keypoints significantly outperform supervised methods under occlusion and partial visibility, with the gap widening under bandwidth constraints.
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[Submitted on 16 Jul 2026]
Title:Unsupervised Keypoints for Real-Time Fall Detection: Comparative Analysis Under Real-world Conditions with Predictive Bandwidth Reduction
View a PDF of the paper titled Unsupervised Keypoints for Real-Time Fall Detection: Comparative Analysis Under Real-world Conditions with Predictive Bandwidth Reduction, by Tasmiah Haque and 4 other authors
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Abstract:Falls among older adults are a major safety challenge, but continuous monitoring is difficult to sustain. Video captures fall-related posture and motion, yet deployment is limited by privacy, computation, and bandwidth. Supervised pose estimation is anatomically interpretable but vulnerable to occlusion and partial body visibility. We propose a privacy-preserving framework that replaces RGB transmission with compact motion representations based on unsupervised keypoints and predictive temporal modeling. Local processing performs segmentation and keypoint extraction; variational recurrent prediction and sequence classification then detect falls from observed and forecasted motion. We evaluate the framework on the UR Fall Detection and Human Fall datasets using random, subject-disjoint, and occlusion-based splits. Under random splits, neither representation consistently dominates, suggesting that standard protocols may hide meaningful differences. Under subject-disjoint evaluation, supervised keypoints show a statistically significant advantage, but performance varies by subject: they perform better when anatomical landmarks are visible, whereas unsupervised keypoints are more robust to occlusion and partial visibility, though they produce more false positives for complex activities. Under occlusion-based evaluation, supervised keypoints miss nearly half of all falls, while unsupervised keypoints retain strong sensitivity and substantially outperform them. Their anatomical independence allows spatial anchors to adapt to visible body structure rather than fail on absent landmarks. The gap widens under bandwidth constraints, where supervised localization errors compound through the temporal model. These findings show that representation choice should reflect expected visual conditions and that unsupervised keypoints offer an advantage when body visibility is compromised.
Subjects:
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Cite as: arXiv:2607.15400 [cs.CV]
(or arXiv:2607.15400v1 [cs.CV] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.15400
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Submission history
From: Tasmiah Haque [view email] [v1] Thu, 16 Jul 2026 18:58:43 UTC (3,656 KB)
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