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Robust H∞ Controller Design For INDI-Controlled Quadrotor Using Online Parameter Identification

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This paper presents a robust gain-scheduled attitude controller for quadrotors, leveraging an INDI-based inner loop with online parameter identification that estimates all physical parameters within half a second. Using signal-based H∞ closed-loop shaping, the controller achieves good stability margins and tracking performance under uncertainty, validated through nonlinear simulations and flight tests even when identified parameters exceed expected bounds.

SourcearXiv RoboticsAuthor: Tom Aantjes, Till M. Blaha, Spilios Theodoulis, Ewoud J. J. Smeur
Robust H∞ Controller Design For INDI-Controlled Quadrotor Using Online Parameter Identification
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[2605.05483] Robust $\mathcal{H}_\infty$ Controller Design For INDI-Controlled Quadrotor Using Online Parameter Identification

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Computer Science > Robotics

arXiv:2605.05483 (cs)

[Submitted on 6 May 2026]

Title:Robust $\mathcal{H}_\infty$ Controller Design For INDI-Controlled Quadrotor Using Online Parameter Identification

Authors:Tom Aantjes, Till M. Blaha, Spilios Theodoulis, Ewoud J. J. Smeur

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Abstract:It has recently been shown that all physical parameters of an Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (INDI) controller can be estimated onboard a multirotor within half a second, which is fast enough to do the full identification during a throw in the air. However, a robust method to tune outer loop gains for this feedback-linearizing INDI controller depending on the model parameters is still missing. This work presents the design of a robust gain-scheduled controller for attitude control of quadrotor, using an INDI-based inner loop with online identification of its system parameters. A gain-scheduled cascaded attitude controller with a feedforward filter is synthesized for a symmetric quadrotor using signal-based $\mathcal{H}_\infty$ closed-loop shaping. The resulting controller exhibits good stability margins, with nonlinear simulations confirming effective tracking performance under uncertainty. Experimental evaluation is also conducted through flight tests with full online parameter identification. Even though the identified parameters during these tests are far outside the defined uncertainty range, acceptable flight performance comparable to simulation results is maintained for actuator time constants below 40 ms.

Comments: 8 pages, 11 figures, Accepted to the ICUAS 2026 conference

Subjects:

Robotics (cs.RO)

Cite as: arXiv:2605.05483 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2605.05483v1 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.05483

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arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Tom Aantjes [view email] [v1] Wed, 6 May 2026 22:05:39 UTC (1,424 KB)

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Key points

  • Online parameter identification estimates all physical parameters of INDI controller within 0.5 seconds.
  • Robust gain-scheduled attitude controller designed using H∞ closed-loop shaping.
  • Nonlinear simulations confirm tracking performance under uncertainty.
  • Flight tests show acceptable performance even when identified parameters exceed uncertainty bounds, for actuator time constants below 40 ms.

Highlights and analysis are generated automatically and may contain errors. Check the original source.