[Submitted on 30 Jun 2026]
Title:Preference-Conditioned Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning for Runtime-Tunable Transit Signal Priority
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Abstract:Transit signal priority (TSP) requires balancing competing objectives: reducing bus delay while limiting adverse impacts on non-bus traffic and avoiding extreme waits for a subset of vehicles. Existing reinforcement-learning (RL) approaches to TSP typically encode transit-aware features (e.g., occupancy and schedule deviation) but optimize a fixed reward or fixed scalarization, which limits operational flexibility when agency priorities change across time-of-day or disruption conditions. We present a preference-conditioned TSP controller, $\pi(a \mid s,w)$, that selects the next signal phase under minimum/maximum green and transition-feasibility constraints and can be tuned at runtime via a preference parameter $w$ to trade off bus-priority emphasis against overall traffic delay without retraining. We implement this on top of IntersectionZoo by introducing a constrained signal-control/TSP wrapper, and we extend scenario generation with bus-prevalence augmentation and timetable-based bus insertion to address sparse transit-priority events during training. Experiments against fixed-time control, a rule-based TSP overlay, and fixed-weight PPO specialists show that a single learned conditioned policy spans a smooth empirical trade-off frontier across runtime preferences, outperforms fixed-time and rule-based baselines, and maintains constraint feasibility, while tail-delay diagnostics reveal that non-bus externalities remain limited for moderate preference settings but can increase substantially under high bus-priority weights. The source code of this work is available at this https URL.
Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables. Accepted at the 29th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC 2026). Code: this https URL
Subjects:
Machine Learning (cs.LG); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Systems and Control (eess.SY)
ACM classes: I.2.6; I.2.8
Cite as: arXiv:2607.18286 [cs.LG]
(or arXiv:2607.18286v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.18286
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
Submission history
From: Philip-Roman Adam [view email] [v1] Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:57:39 UTC (61 KB)
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