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--> [Submitted on 21 Jul 2026] Title:LLMs in Process Diagram Engineering: From Optimal PFDs to Validated P&IDs View a PDF of the paper titled LLMs in Process Diagram Engineering: From Optimal PFDs to Validated P&IDs, by Timur Zakarin and 3 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Nowadays, the creation of a process flow diagram (PFD) and its subsequent transformation into a piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is predominantly performed manually. Applying artificial intelligence in the task could potentially lead not only to process automation and time savings, but also to financial gains by exploring numerous diagram's topology options and reducing manual labor. This research presents P&ID Pilot - a practical end-to-end AI pipeline capable of handling flowsheet developing for both stages. The first stage focuses on PFD synthesis, whereas the second is directed toward modifying the generated PFD into P&ID. After comparing four different methods, the hybrid approach combining genetic algorithms (GA) and large language models (LLM) is shown to generate the optimal valid PFD topology, achieving the lowest loss value among all the methods, while satisfying the required outlet flow parameters without engineering-rule violations. For the second stage, the proposed LLM-based agent successfully transforms the generated PFD into a source-grounded P&ID by producing validated, executable modifications through a restricted engineering software development kit, achieving 100% execution success while maintaining compliance with domain-specific rules and reference graph structures. This unified pipeline - coupling GA/LLM-driven synthesis with an LLM-based transformation agent - offers a feasible path toward end-to-end process design automation by producing validated, deployable outputs and substantially reduces manual engineering effort. Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Multiagent Systems (cs.MA) Cite as: arXiv:2608.11220 [cs.AI] (or arXiv:2608.11220v1 [cs.AI] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.11220 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Sergei Shumilin [view email] [v1] Tue, 21 Jul 2026 16:17:10 UTC (7,119 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled LLMs in Process Diagram Engineering: From Optimal PFDs to Validated P&IDs, by Timur Zakarin and 3 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.AI new | recent | 2026-08 Change to browse by: cs cs.MA References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)