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--> [Submitted on 19 Aug 2026] Title:LLM as Detector: An In-context Learning Approach for Tabular Anomaly Detection View a PDF of the paper titled LLM as Detector: An In-context Learning Approach for Tabular Anomaly Detection, by Tu Anh Hoang Nguyen and Dang Nguyen and Thuc Duy Le and Trung Le and Sunil Gupta View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Anomaly detection in tabular data is challenging because abnormal samples often arise as violations of cross-feature dependencies rather than simple marginal deviations. Existing detectors rely on geometric or reconstruction signals, while prior LLM-based approaches mainly fine-tune LLMs with normal samples or generate synthetic anomalies. We propose LLM-Detector, a framework that utilizes the in-context learning capacity of LLMs for structured, prompt-conditioned scoring synthesis, enabling LLMs to derive anomaly detection logic from structured normal-state knowledge. Specifically, normal training data are converted into statistical summaries, causal dependencies, and distilled prototypes that are organized into a prompt for code generation. The resulting scoring engine evaluates statistical deviation, structural inconsistency, and density-based abnormality then computes an anomaly score for each test sample. We evaluate LLM-Detector on 24 tabular datasets, comparing against 15 SOTA baselines. Results show consistent improvements across both mixed-type and continuous-only settings. Moreover, this design eliminates the need for LLM fine-tuning or neural network training, reducing computational cost and enabling practical anomaly detection in real-world tabular systems. Comments: Accepted at International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP) 2026 Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG) Cite as: arXiv:2608.19463 [cs.LG] (or arXiv:2608.19463v1 [cs.LG] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.19463 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Dang Nguyen [view email] [v1] Wed, 19 Aug 2026 21:34:00 UTC (2,712 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled LLM as Detector: An In-context Learning Approach for Tabular Anomaly Detection, by Tu Anh Hoang Nguyen and Dang Nguyen and Thuc Duy Le and Trung Le and Sunil Gupta View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.LG new | recent | 2026-08 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) IArxiv recommender toggle IArxiv Recommender (What is IArxiv?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)