JAXBench: Benchmarking Autonomous TPU Kernel Optimization
JAXBench is a TPU-native benchmark suite of 50 JAX workloads for evaluating AI-generated kernel optimization methods on Google Cloud TPUs. Results show that document conditioning improves correctness significantly, while search structure provides speedups, though high-quality optimization remains challenging.
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[Submitted on 19 May 2026]
Title:JAXBench: Benchmarking Autonomous TPU Kernel Optimization
View a PDF of the paper titled JAXBench: Benchmarking Autonomous TPU Kernel Optimization, by Arya Tschand and 9 other authors
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Abstract:Rigorous benchmarks have driven progress in autonomous GPU kernel performance optimization by establishing a shared target to hillclimb on, but no equivalent exists for TPUs. We present JAXBench, a TPU-native benchmark suite for AI-generated kernel optimization on Google Cloud TPUs. JAXBench comprises 50 JAX workloads that are both relevant and provide headroom for optimization. We extract 17 production ML operators from architectures in the public MaxText library such as Llama-3.1, DeepSeek-V3, Mixtral, Mamba-2, and AlphaFold2, and translate 33 operators from KernelBench that are validated for correctness and set with new problem sizes that achieve high TPU v6e MXU utilization. Eight of the 17 production operators ship with hand-optimized Pallas kernels from the public Tokamax library and block-size tuned to establish an expert upper-bound baseline. We evaluate four feedback-driven methods on generating candidate Pallas kernels for JAXBench. Across the full suite with Gemini 3 Flash, we find that target-specific context matters more than model scale on a sparsely-documented DSL like Pallas. Conditioning on curated TPU documentation raises per-sample correctness from 5.8% to 37.3% and solves 48 of 50 benchmarks at a 1.28x geomean speedup. Search structure yields significant gains once correctness is achieved, with Autocomp's beam-search pipeline reaching a 1.36x geomean speedup over XLA. On the 8 hand-tuned kernels, Autocomp reaches 1.60x geomean over XLA, recovering most of the 2.08x Tokamax upper bound but trailing on the specialized paged and ragged attention operators. High-quality TPU kernel optimization remains a challenging task, and we release the JAXBench benchmark, evaluation harness, and baseline results to support open source contributions.
Subjects:
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Cite as: arXiv:2607.20466 [cs.AI]
(or arXiv:2607.20466v1 [cs.AI] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.20466
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Submission history
From: Arya Tschand [view email] [v1] Tue, 19 May 2026 05:38:39 UTC (614 KB)
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