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IDSPACE: A Novel Document Generator for Reliable Evaluation of Digital Identity Verification Systems [Extended Technical Report]

Summary

IDSpace is a synthetic identity document generator designed to help evaluate digital identity verification systems. It uses model-guided Bayesian optimization to tune generation parameters from a few target-domain samples, decouples user-defined metadata from low-level control parameters, and supports scanned and mobile-captured documents. Compared with baselines such as CycleGAN and diffusion inpainting, IDSpace improves evaluation consistency by 15–45% and SSIM similarity by 10%, while also releasing a dataset of 359,240 synthetic documents covering ten European ID types.

SourcearXiv Computer VisionAuthor: Lulu Xie, Yancheng Wang, Kanchan Chowdhury, Rolando Garcia, Yingzhen Yang, Jia Zou
IDSPACE: A Novel Document Generator for Reliable Evaluation of Digital Identity Verification Systems [Extended Technical Report]
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[Submitted on 2 Sep 2026]

Title:IDSPACE: A Novel Document Generator for Reliable Evaluation of Digital Identity Verification Systems [Extended Technical Report]

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Abstract:As services move online, trust institutions such as banks, lenders, and governments must verify the identity of remote users. Fraud detection tools are widely available, but evaluating and fine-tuning them remains difficult because identity documents are sensitive and therefore scarce. Synthetic data generation offers a path forward, and demand is clear: our prior work in this area has been downloaded over $11{,}000$ times (aggregated from eight parts). We introduce IDSpace, extending this line of research in three directions. First, we propose model-guided Bayesian optimization, which tunes generation parameters to maximize both visual similarity and prediction consistency with target-domain models given only a few samples from a target domain. Second, we decouple user-specified metadata (demographics, fraud patterns, capture device) from automatically tuned control parameters (font styles, noise levels, image quality), allowing users to configure evaluations without low-level expertise. Third, we expand beyond template images to support scanned and mobile-captured documents. Experiments show IDSpace improves evaluation consistency by $15-45\%$ over baselines including CycleGAN, diffusion inpainting, and non-guided optimization, using only a few real samples, while improving training accuracy by up to $9\%$ and SSIM similarity with the target domain by $10\%$. We also released a new dataset consisting of $359{,}240$ high-quality synthetic documents across ten European ID types.

Subjects:

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

Cite as: arXiv:2609.03052 [cs.CV]

(or arXiv:2609.03052v1 [cs.CV] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.03052

arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Lulu Xie [view email] [v1] Wed, 2 Sep 2026 18:27:09 UTC (37,175 KB)

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Key points and analysis

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Key points

  • Real identity documents are sensitive and scarce, making it hard to evaluate fraud detection tools; synthetic data offers an alternative.
  • IDSpace introduces model-guided Bayesian optimization that needs only a few target-domain samples.
  • It separates user-specified metadata from automatically tuned parameters and extends support to scanned/mobile-captured documents.
  • Experiments show 15–45% better evaluation consistency than baselines, plus a new 359,240-document dataset.

Highlights and analysis are generated automatically and may contain errors. Check the original source.

IDSPACE: A Novel Document Generator for Reliable Evaluation of Digital Identity Verification Systems [Extended Technical Report] | AI News Hub