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How Much Does Corpus Choice Change Dependency-Distance Estimates?

Summary

A new preprint compares mean dependency-distance estimates across 38 same-language treebank pairs in Universal Dependencies v2.18. Cross-treebank agreement is only moderate: changing treebanks reverses about 40% of pairwise language orderings and explains roughly 29% of between-group variance, persisting across all twelve preprocessing specifications. Still, every treebank confirms dependency-length minimization, suggesting MDD reflects a corpus-conditioned combination of grammatical, register, and annotation factors rather than a stable language-level parameter.

SourcearXiv Computational LinguisticsAuthor: Sirui Chen
How Much Does Corpus Choice Change Dependency-Distance Estimates?
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[Submitted on 6 Jul 2026]

Title:How Much Does Corpus Choice Change Dependency-Distance Estimates?

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Abstract:Dependency-distance estimates derived from a single corpus are routinely treated as properties of a language, yet this assumption has not been tested across independently compiled corpora. We compared mean dependency-distance estimates across 38 same-language treebank pairs from Universal Dependencies v2.18, using concordance correlation, Bland-Altman analysis, and a twelve-specification multiverse design. Cross-treebank agreement was moderate at best: substituting one treebank for another reversed nearly 40 percent of pairwise language orderings, and treebank choice accounted for roughly 29 percent of between-group variance. This disagreement substantially exceeded within-treebank sampling error and persisted across all twelve preprocessing specifications. Nevertheless, every treebank confirmed dependency-length minimization (normalized ratio below 1). The data are more consistent with MDD as a corpus-conditioned composite of grammatical, register, and annotation factors than as a stable language-level parameter: the qualitative DLM universal survives corpus substitution, but the ordinal cross-linguistic ranking does not.

Comments: 18 pages, 3 figures. Preprint

Subjects:

Computation and Language (cs.CL)

Cite as: arXiv:2609.04223 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2609.04223v1 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.04223

arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Sirui Chen [view email] [v1] Mon, 6 Jul 2026 13:53:13 UTC (49 KB)

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Key points

  • Compares mean dependency-distance estimates across 38 same-language treebank pairs from Universal Dependencies v2.18.
  • Substituting one treebank for another reverses nearly 40% of pairwise language orderings and accounts for roughly 29% of between-group variance.
  • The disagreement exceeds within-treebank sampling error and persists across all 12 preprocessing specifications.
  • All treebanks support dependency-length minimization, but cross-linguistic ordinal ranking is not stable.

Highlights and analysis are generated automatically and may contain errors. Check the original source.