[Submitted on 18 Sep 2026]
Title:Evaluating the Effects of Prompt Perturbation on Bias and Hallucination in Large Language Models
View a PDF of the paper titled Evaluating the Effects of Prompt Perturbation on Bias and Hallucination in Large Language Models, by Mamehgol Yousefi and 5 other authors
View PDF
Abstract:Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks, leading to their widespread deployment as intelligent assistants in decision-making contexts. However, the increasing complexity of these models raises concerns about their reliability, particularly regarding bias and hallucination. In this work, we evaluate the robustness of LLMs to perturbed variations of the original inquiry in decision-making tasks. We show that contrary to previous studies, perturbations can mitigate bias and hallucination in some LLMs over other models. It's found that Claude 3 is more effective for the tasks represented in most datasets, whereas models like GPT3.5 exhibit varying levels of adequacy, performing comparably in some cases but falling significantly behind in others. These insights are crucial for understanding the practical implications of deploying LLM-based assistants as effective decision-support tools in real-world applications, emphasising the need for rigorous testing and validation to ensure reliability and effectiveness. This study contributes to the growing body of research on LLM evaluation and provides insights for developing more robust and trustworthy AI assistants in critical decision-making contexts.
Comments: 14 pages. Published in ICONIP 2024 (Neural Information Processing), LNCS 15290, Springer Nature, 2025
Subjects:
Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
Cite as: arXiv:2609.35804 [cs.CL]
(or arXiv:2609.35804v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.35804
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Journal reference: Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2024), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), vol. 15290, pp. 361-374, Springer, 2025
Related DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-6588-4_25
DOI(s) linking to related resources
Submission history
From: Ahmad Shahi [view email] [v1] Fri, 18 Sep 2026 10:25:05 UTC (119 KB)
Full-text links:
Access Paper:
View a PDF of the paper titled Evaluating the Effects of Prompt Perturbation on Bias and Hallucination in Large Language Models, by Mamehgol Yousefi and 5 other authors
View PDF
TeX Source
view license
Current browse context:
cs.CL
new | recent | 2026-09
Change to browse by:
cs cs.AI cs.HC
References & Citations
NASA ADS
Google Scholar
Semantic Scholar
Loading...
Data provided by:
Bibliographic Tools
Bibliographic and Citation Tools
Bibliographic Explorer Toggle
Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?)
Connected Papers Toggle
Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?)
Litmaps Toggle
Litmaps (What is Litmaps?)
scite.ai Toggle
scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?)
Code, Data, Media
Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article
alphaXiv Toggle
alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?)
Links to Code Toggle
CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?)
DagsHub Toggle
DagsHub (What is DagsHub?)
GotitPub Toggle
Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?)
Huggingface Toggle
Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?)
ScienceCast Toggle
ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?)
Demos
Demos
Replicate Toggle
Replicate (What is Replicate?)
Spaces Toggle
Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?)
Spaces Toggle
TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?)
Related Papers
Recommenders and Search Tools
Link to Influence Flower
Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?)
Core recommender toggle
CORE Recommender (What is CORE?)
Author
Venue
Institution
Topic
About arXivLabs
arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.
Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.
Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)