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[Submitted on 17 Sep 2026] Title:Continuous Delayed-Memory Stochastic Gradient Descent and Continuous-Time Reinforcement Learning from History of Astrophysical Time Series Studies View a PDF of the paper titled Continuous Delayed-Memory Stochastic Gradient Descent and Continuous-Time Reinforcement Learning from History of Astrophysical Time Series Studies, by Debartha Paul and 1 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Quasars are luminous objects in the universe that exhibit stochastic brightness variations encoding information about the supermassive black holes powering them, and modeling these variations from ground-based survey data time series, known as light curves, is a statistical challenge. This paper reviews how stochastic differential equations (SDEs) have been adapted with neural network parameterizations to overcome this challenge in history. We create the Continuous-Delayed-Memory Stochastic Gradient Descent which depend on the past state of the discrete iteration process. We performed the simulation on some 2-dimensional landscape and observed some wider-exploration and more precise convergent behavior compared to Vanilla SGD by adjusting hyperparameters. Besides, we proposed a reinforcement learning structure with continuous time policy gradients for exploratory policies without solving HJB PDE, and we show that its optimality conditions recover the Gibbs policy of previous works. Comments: Keywords: Stochastic process, Stochastic gradient descent, Continuous-Delayed-Memory Stochastic Gradient Descent, Stochastic Delay Differential Equation, Reinforcement Learning, Adjoint method Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Applications (stat.AP) Cite as: arXiv:2609.20906 [cs.LG] (or arXiv:2609.20906v1 [cs.LG] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.20906 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Juncheng Yi [view email] [v1] Thu, 17 Sep 2026 15:38:37 UTC (4,976 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Continuous Delayed-Memory Stochastic Gradient Descent and Continuous-Time Reinforcement Learning from History of Astrophysical Time Series Studies, by Debartha Paul and 1 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.LG new | recent | 2026-09 Change to browse by: cs stat stat.AP References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) IArxiv recommender toggle IArxiv Recommender (What is IArxiv?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)