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[Submitted on 15 Oct 2026] Title:CFC26: Building Evaluations for Deployment in Sonar-Based Fish Counting View a PDF of the paper titled CFC26: Building Evaluations for Deployment in Sonar-Based Fish Counting, by Madison Van Horn and 8 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Accurate counts of fish populations are essential for monitoring ecosystems and making decisions for conservation, harvest limits, and river management. In many field deployments, these counts are obtained from sonar videos that experts must inspect manually, making large-scale monitoring slow, expensive, and difficult. Automated counting systems have been proposed as a scalable alternative, but so far this promise has been difficult to realize in deployment. Developing evaluations that better reflect real-world deployment conditions will help close this gap and drive improvements in counting performance in practice. To achieve this, we propose Caltech Fish Counting 2026 (CFC26), a new dataset with improved evaluation protocols that simulate deployment to seen and novel rivers, testing in-distribution and out-of-distribution performance. We expand the CFC22 dataset to eleven deployment locations across nine Pacific salmon river systems from Alaska to Northern California, capturing a broader geographical and ecological range of data. We additionally introduce two new evaluation metrics for counting, nMNE and nMANE, that mirror the operational workflow that experts use and help surface errors that frame-level detection metrics do not capture. Using these metrics, we reveal previously-concealed directional bias in upstream vs downstream counts, which would have direct and significant ecological implications if undetected. The dataset and code are publicly available on CaltechDATA and GitHub. Subjects: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) Cite as: arXiv:2610.22549 [cs.CV] (or arXiv:2610.22549v1 [cs.CV] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.22549 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Madison Mitchell [view email] [v1] Thu, 15 Oct 2026 18:44:53 UTC (1,811 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled CFC26: Building Evaluations for Deployment in Sonar-Based Fish Counting, by Madison Van Horn and 8 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Additional Features Audio Summary Current browse context: cs.CV new | recent | 2026-10 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)