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[Submitted on 17 Oct 2026] Title:AtomSD: Procedural Atom-Guided Self-Distillation for LLM Agents View a PDF of the paper titled AtomSD: Procedural Atom-Guided Self-Distillation for LLM Agents, by Bohan Yu and 10 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Large language models (LLMs) possess broad factual knowledge and strong reasoning capabilities, but solving complex tasks also requires procedural knowledge about how to act. Existing approaches often represent procedural knowledge through trajectories or bundled skills, limiting flexible reuse across interaction histories. This paper introduces Procedural Atoms, fine-grained and independently applicable units that represent Intent, When, Do, and Avoid guidance. Building on this representation, we propose AtomSD, an Atom-guided Self-Distillation framework in which the learner continually extracts Procedural Atoms from its own successful trajectories and distills them into the evolving policy through Atom-conditioned supervision and task-reward optimization. Comprehensive experiments show that AtomSD consistently outperforms strong reward-based and distillation methods, exceeding the state-of-the-art baseline by up to 9.31 points in average performance. Further analyses demonstrate that the proposed Procedural Atoms provide effective guidance, highlighting the value of atom-level procedural knowledge for policy learning. Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL) Cite as: arXiv:2610.26926 [cs.CL] (or arXiv:2610.26926v1 [cs.CL] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.26926 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Bohan Yu [view email] [v1] Sat, 17 Oct 2026 14:12:03 UTC (3,380 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled AtomSD: Procedural Atom-Guided Self-Distillation for LLM Agents, by Bohan Yu and 10 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Additional Features Audio Summary Current browse context: cs.CL new | recent | 2026-10 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations SciX Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)