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Achieving Asymptotic Near-Optimality Without $\delta$-Similarity

Summary

This paper examines the theoretical foundations of sampling-based motion planning algorithms. The authors show that proofs of asymptotic δ-similarity rely on an unstated assumption: once sampled, a δ-similar trajectory segment will always be kept in the tree. This assumption does not hold in general. They describe a problematic case called "crowding out," where locally low-cost paths prevent trajectories that are δ-similar to the optimal trajectory from being added to the tree. However, they demonstrate that asymptotic near-optimality guarantees can still be achieved without guarantees of δ-similar solution trajectories, provided crowding out is properly accounted for.

SourcearXiv RoboticsAuthor: Michael Moncton, Eric Frew
Achieving Asymptotic Near-Optimality Without $\delta$-Similarity
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[Submitted on 3 Sep 2026]

Title:Achieving Asymptotic Near-Optimality Without $δ$-Similarity

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Abstract:Sampling-based motion planning algorithms are a popular class of trajectory planning algorithm due to their speed in complex, high-dimensional environments and ability to handle kinodynamic constraints, specifically through the use of forward dynamics propagation. Many such planners claim to achieve asymptotic near-optimality by proving the almost sure sampling of trajectories that are close to an optimal trajectory in the state space, known as $\delta$-similar trajectories. This paper shows that the proof behind asymptotic $\delta$-similarity relies on an unstated assumption that $\delta$-similar trajectory segments will always be kept once sampled. This assumption does not hold in general. A problematic case, referred to as ``crowding out,'' is described, where locally low-cost paths prevent trajectories that are $\delta$-similar to the optimal trajectory from being added to the tree. It is shown, however, that asymptotic near-optimality guarantees can still be achieved without guarantees of $\delta$-similar solution trajectories when crowding out is properly accounted for. An example environment and system are provided where crowding out is shown to occur, demonstrating a scenario where inductively sampling a $\delta$-similar solution trajectory is impossible.

Comments: Submitted to IEEE RA-L

Subjects:

Robotics (cs.RO)

Cite as: arXiv:2609.04464 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2609.04464v1 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.04464

arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Michael Moncton [view email] [v1] Thu, 3 Sep 2026 20:46:08 UTC (277 KB)

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Key points

  • Identifies an unstated assumption in asymptotic δ-similarity proofs: sampled δ-similar segments must always be retained.
  • Introduces the "crowding out" problem, in which locally low-cost paths exclude δ-similar trajectories from the tree.
  • Proves that asymptotic near-optimality is still achievable when crowding out is correctly handled, without δ-similarity guarantees.
  • The paper is by Michael Moncton and Eric Frew, submitted to IEEE RA-L and posted on arXiv as 2609.04464.

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