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--> [Submitted on 13 Aug 2026] Title:What to Preserve, Where to Adapt: A Depth-Wise Analysis of Forgetting in Continual Gynecological Image Segmentation View a PDF of the paper titled What to Preserve, Where to Adapt: A Depth-Wise Analysis of Forgetting in Continual Gynecological Image Segmentation, by Amal Saqib and 3 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Medical image segmentation models are typically trained under the assumption that all data are available simultaneously. However, in clinical practice, datasets often arrive sequentially, requiring models to adapt continuously to evolving data distributions. We study this problem in gynecological image segmentation, where substantial heterogeneity across imaging modalities, anatomical structures, and annotation protocols creates a particularly challenging continual learning setting. Under these large distribution shifts, existing continual learning methods struggle to preserve previously learned knowledge, leading to catastrophic forgetting. To better understand forgetting in this setting, we investigate how different encoder--decoder regions influence segmentation performance and forgetting during continual gynecological segmentation. Through block-wise ablation analysis, we observe that ablating early encoder and late decoder regions results in the largest performance degradation, indicating that segmentation performance depends unevenly across the network hierarchy. Using controlled adaptation experiments, we further show that forgetting remains limited when updates are restricted to bottleneck-adjacent regions, but increases sharply once shallower encoders and decoders become trainable, even when only a small subset of parameters is updated. These findings suggest that forgetting in the encoder-decoder architecture is strongly influenced by where updates occur across network depth during continual learning. Full code and analysis pipelines will be made publicly available upon acceptance. Subjects: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Machine Learning (cs.LG) Cite as: arXiv:2608.13660 [cs.CV] (or arXiv:2608.13660v1 [cs.CV] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.13660 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Amal Saqib [view email] [v1] Thu, 13 Aug 2026 18:02:25 UTC (669 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled What to Preserve, Where to Adapt: A Depth-Wise Analysis of Forgetting in Continual Gynecological Image Segmentation, by Amal Saqib and 3 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.CV new | recent | 2026-08 Change to browse by: cs cs.LG References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)