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[Submitted on 2 Sep 2026] Title:Seeing the City or Recognizing the Place? What Street-View Imagery Adds Beyond Existing Urban Data in VLM Urban Sensing View a PDF of the paper titled Seeing the City or Recognizing the Place? What Street-View Imagery Adds Beyond Existing Urban Data in VLM Urban Sensing, by Kaizhen Tan View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Street-view imagery is increasingly used to infer urban attributes, but predictive accuracy alone does not reveal how much a photograph contributes beyond data already available for the same place. We compare image-based predictions with existing urban data across seven attributes from five public resources and three VLMs. The same urban units are evaluated using images, task context, nearby observations, and public records, while image replacements and conflicting records test source reliance. Existing urban data matched or exceeded image-only models for road damage, curb ramps, and house price, while neighbouring official statistics nearly matched the best image result for population. Images were more informative for building type, building function, and low-rise floor count. For floor count, image advantage increased by 5.7 percentage points per doubling of distance to the nearest labelled building and declined for tall buildings whose rooflines often fell outside the frame. Models frequently followed conflicting records. OpenFACADES floor annotations were generated with OpenStreetMap floor values and showed the opposite height-dependent error pattern from image-only reruns. Street-view image value therefore depends on visual legibility and local data coverage. Comparing images with existing urban data can guide image collection and clarify the provenance of derived urban maps. Subjects: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) Cite as: arXiv:2610.00031 [cs.CV] (or arXiv:2610.00031v1 [cs.CV] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.00031 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Kaizhen Tan [view email] [v1] Wed, 2 Sep 2026 12:21:39 UTC (5,697 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Seeing the City or Recognizing the Place? What Street-View Imagery Adds Beyond Existing Urban Data in VLM Urban Sensing, by Kaizhen Tan View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.CV new | recent | 2026-10 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)