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--> [Submitted on 13 Aug 2026] Title:Measuring Fairness in Large Audio Language Models via Semantic-Aware Bias Estimation View a PDF of the paper titled Measuring Fairness in Large Audio Language Models via Semantic-Aware Bias Estimation, by Zhe Liu View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have seen increasing use for audio understanding tasks such as speech recognition and audio question answering, raising concerns about fairness across demographic subgroups. Fairness evaluation in spoken-input settings is challenging due to confounding factors, including semantic variation in spoken content and speaker-specific characteristics. Ignoring these factors can result in misleading conclusions about model bias. We propose a semantic-aware mixed-effects regression framework for fairness evaluation in LALMs that explicitly accounts for these confounders. Our approach incorporates sentence-level semantic embeddings of reference text as covariates and models speaker identity as a random effect. Notably, semantic representations are extracted from the same LALM under evaluation, enabling semantic control over variation as perceived by the model itself. Experiments on simulated data and real-world benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed approach substantially reduces spurious fairness findings and yields more robust and interpretable estimates of subgroup performance differences. Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Sound (cs.SD) Cite as: arXiv:2608.13624 [cs.CL] (or arXiv:2608.13624v1 [cs.CL] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.13624 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Zhe Liu [view email] [v1] Thu, 13 Aug 2026 03:24:49 UTC (235 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Measuring Fairness in Large Audio Language Models via Semantic-Aware Bias Estimation, by Zhe Liu View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.CL new | recent | 2026-08 Change to browse by: cs cs.AI cs.SD References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)