AI サービスが一時的に利用できないため、復旧後に翻訳を補完します。
[Submitted on 15 Jul 2026] Title:High-dimensional layer-state trajectories reveal the internal dynamics of transformer inference View a PDF of the paper titled High-dimensional layer-state trajectories reveal the internal dynamics of transformer inference, by Heng Zhao and 3 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Mechanistic studies of large language models localize function in parameters, attention heads or neurons, but those parts do not specify how one inference unfolds. We treat the ordered layer-state trajectory as the empirical process and test whether layer order defines a measurable computation. Across representative Qwen, Llama and Gemma checkpoints, realized order produced paths 1.60--2.24 times as aligned with their endpoint chord as endpoint-preserving shuffles. The order effect transferred to a lexical task, but was stronger in three random initializations of the same Qwen architecture, identifying an architecture-compatible scaffold rather than a training-specific law. Direct hidden states provided stronger mechanism coordinates than vocabulary readbacks, and a task-defined coordinate made candidate competition computable. After additive interventions failed, local transition actuators selectively controlled internal trajectories across checkpoints. A confidence gate then drove 17 of 87 held-out Qwen closure trajectories across the full-vocabulary top-1 candidate boundary while leaving all 203 non-closure top-1 outputs unchanged. Safety-matched action reassignment performed similarly, locating the gain in selective gating and the bounded actuator family rather than fine-grained dose assignment. Layer order exposes an observable, computable and behaviourally consequential process of transformer inference without establishing a complete theory of LLM dynamics or control of answer correctness. Comments: Expanded preprint with 17 main figures and 13 supplementary figures. Source data and code are archived on Zenodo Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Computation and Language (cs.CL) Cite as: arXiv:2610.26866 [cs.LG] (or arXiv:2610.26866v1 [cs.LG] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.26866 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Heng Zhao Edward [view email] [v1] Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:02:19 UTC (1,695 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled High-dimensional layer-state trajectories reveal the internal dynamics of transformer inference, by Heng Zhao and 3 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Additional Features Audio Summary Current browse context: cs.LG new | recent | 2026-10 Change to browse by: cs cs.CL References & Citations SciX Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) IArxiv recommender toggle IArxiv Recommender (What is IArxiv?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)