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[Submitted on 28 Sep 2026] Title:HERO: Histology Encoder for Robust Representation in Oncology View a PDF of the paper titled HERO: Histology Encoder for Robust Representation in Oncology, by Zhi Li (1) and 17 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Foundation models trained on large pathology image corpora now provide strong, transferable representations for computational pathology. Over the past few years a series of such models has been released, each trained on more slides than the last; on standard classification and segmentation benchmarks, the leading models are now separated by small margins. In clinical use, however, the foundation model is applied to images from hospitals, scanners, and staining protocols outside its training data. Encoders generally embed these acquisition factors alongside biological information, which may introduce downstream errors and hinder safe clinical adoption. A pathology foundation model should therefore be robust to acquisition shift without giving up representation quality, yet robustness is seldom the axis along which models are compared. In this report, we introduce HERO (Histology Encoder for Robust Representation in Oncology), a ViT-G/14 pathology foundation model trained with the DINO and iBOT objectives and refined with high-resolution Gram anchoring on a morphology-balanced corpus of 500 million tiles from approximately 575,000 clinical whole-slide images. Across the evaluated public benchmarks, HERO shows the strongest robustness to center, scanner, and stain variation among the compared state-of-the-art foundation models, performs comparably on tile-level classification, segmentation, and gene-expression prediction, ranks first on average across 39 evaluated slide-level clinical tasks, and, under an equal-weighted framework-level analysis, has the best average rank across the six benchmark frameworks. Comments: 22 pages, 4 figures, 13 tables Subjects: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) Cite as: arXiv:2609.35943 [cs.CV] (or arXiv:2609.35943v1 [cs.CV] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.35943 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Ming Chen [view email] [v1] Mon, 28 Sep 2026 16:27:18 UTC (2,938 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled HERO: Histology Encoder for Robust Representation in Oncology, by Zhi Li (1) and 17 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.CV new | recent | 2026-09 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)