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[Submitted on 26 Jun 2026] Title:H2DF: Calibrated Target Bands for Controllable Language-Model Unlearning View a PDF of the paper titled H2DF: Calibrated Target Bands for Controllable Language-Model Unlearning, by Jupiter Yao View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Gradient ascent (GA) is a simple language-model unlearning baseline, but it continues increasing forget loss after useful forgetting has occurred. This unbounded pressure can damage retained utility and make forgotten examples abnormally high-loss. We introduce H2DF, a calibrated target-band objective that applies GA-like pressure below a data-dependent lower target and suppresses, or reverses, that pressure after the target region is reached. The targets are estimated from matched non-member examples before training, so the base objective requires one forget-batch forward/backward pass per optimization step; our reported TOFU variant adds sparse retain replay every tenth step. We instantiate a one-sided objective for TOFU question answering and a two-sided objective for MUSE-News language modeling. Across three TOFU seeds, H2DF obtains a forget NLL of 1.528 with margin 0.049 and retain NLL of 1.165 with margin 0.047, matching GradDiff while using retain replay only every tenth step and showing substantially lower variability than GA. On MUSE-News, H2DF improves retention over GA and NPO and is competitive with SimNPO, but does not dominate it. Ablations show that the upper target reduces overshoot and that validation-based checkpoint selection is important. These results support calibrated target bands as a practical mechanism for controlling forgetting strength, while also exposing sensitivity to random seed and calibration quality. Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Machine Learning (cs.LG) Cite as: arXiv:2610.26864 [cs.CL] (or arXiv:2610.26864v1 [cs.CL] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.26864 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Jupiter Yao [view email] [v1] Fri, 26 Jun 2026 06:51:15 UTC (17 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled H2DF: Calibrated Target Bands for Controllable Language-Model Unlearning, by Jupiter Yao View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Additional Features Audio Summary Current browse context: cs.CL new | recent | 2026-10 Change to browse by: cs cs.LG References & Citations SciX Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)