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[Submitted on 18 Oct 2026] Title:Dynamic System Inspired Continuous Large Language Model for AI4Science Tasks View a PDF of the paper titled Dynamic System Inspired Continuous Large Language Model for AI4Science Tasks, by Zhaoxin Fan and 5 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Scientific foundation models increasingly operate on continuous phenomena, yet still use discrete residual computation. We ask whether pretrained residual transformations can support additional latent computation without expanding the backbone. To test this possibility, we introduce Continuum-LM, which reuses these transformations as dynamical operators in a continuous-depth language model. Its hidden states evolve through an ordinary differential equation evaluated by higher-order numerical integration, with solver order and step size controlling computation. Across eight scientific tasks, Continuum-LM trains stably and improves mean exact-match accuracy by 7.77 and 10.96 percentage points over discrete counterparts at the 0.6B and 1.7B scales, respectively. At 0.6B, it also outperforms an Ouro-style recurrent control under matched parameter and residual-function evaluation budgets. Together, these results support extensible computational depth through parameter reuse, identifying continuous hidden-state evolution as a practical design dimension for scientific language models beyond parameter scaling. Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Computation and Language (cs.CL) Cite as: arXiv:2610.26959 [cs.LG] (or arXiv:2610.26959v1 [cs.LG] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.26959 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Jian Yang [view email] [v1] Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:44 UTC (2,162 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Dynamic System Inspired Continuous Large Language Model for AI4Science Tasks, by Zhaoxin Fan and 5 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Additional Features Audio Summary Current browse context: cs.LG new | recent | 2026-10 Change to browse by: cs cs.CL References & Citations SciX Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) IArxiv recommender toggle IArxiv Recommender (What is IArxiv?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)