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content type paperpublished September 2026 DACA-GRPO: Denoising-Aware Credit Assignment for Reinforcement Learning in Diffusion Language Models AuthorsAmin Karimi Monsefi†‡, Dominic Culver‡, Nikhil Bhendawade, Lokesh Boominathan, Manuel R. Ciosici, Yizhe Zhang, Irina Belousova View publication Diffusion large language models are a compelling alternative to autoregressive models, yet existing RL methods for diffusion treat all denoising steps as equally important and rely on biased, high-variance likelihood estimates. We identify two fundamental weaknesses: the absence of temporal credit assignment across the denoising trajectory, and the systematic bias of mean-field likelihood estimates used for policy optimization. To address these, we propose Denoising-Aware Credit Assignment for GRPO (DACA-GRPO), a lightweight, plug-and-play enhancement for any GRPO-style trainer. DACA-GRPO introduces two complementary mechanisms: Denoising Progress Scores, which extract per-token importance weights from intermediate predictions at no additional forward cost, and Stratified Masking Likelihood, which partitions token positions into strata so that each token is predicted with most of the sequence as context, reducing the mean-field bias. Applied on top of three GRPO base methods, DACA-GRPO achieves consistent improvements across seven benchmarks spanning mathematical reasoning, code generation, constraint satisfaction, and constrained generation, with gains of up to 5.6pp on math reasoning, 7.4pp on code generation, 36.3pp on constraint satisfaction, and 5.9pp on JSON schema adherence. ‡ Equal contribution † The Ohio State University Work done while at Apple GRPO Beyond English: A Large-Scale Study of GRPO in Non-English and Multilingual Settings August 18, 2026research area Speech and Natural Language Processing Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), often optimized with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has become a central recipe for improving the reasoning capabilities of pretrained language models but current studies remain heavily English-centric. We conduct a large-scale empirical study of multilingual and non-English GRPO across a wide range of base models, training languages, and different reasoning language rewards. We… Read more Personalized Group Relative Policy Optimization for Heterogenous Preference Alignment April 2, 2026research area Methods and Algorithms, research area Speech and Natural Language Processing Despite their sophisticated general-purpose capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) often fail to align with diverse individual preferences because standard post-training methods, like Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF), optimize for a single, global objective. While Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a widely adopted on-policy reinforcement learning framework, its group-based normalization implicitly assumes that all… Read more