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[Submitted on 9 Jul 2026] Title:Crash Narrative-Guided Countermeasure Recommendation Using Large Language Models: A Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Intersection Safety View a PDF of the paper titled Crash Narrative-Guided Countermeasure Recommendation Using Large Language Models: A Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Intersection Safety, by Abu Saif Md Nasim Uddin and 4 other authors View PDF Abstract:Improving safety at intersections requires identifying crash mechanisms and recommending appropriate countermeasures. However, this process traditionally relies on expert judgment, making it labor-intensive, difficult to scale, and dependent on the availability of experienced traffic safety engineers. Although crash narratives contain rich description of crash mechanisms, this unstructured information remains largely underutilized in safety analyses. This study presents a crash narrative-guided retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework that translates narrative-derived crash mechanisms into site-specific countermeasure recommendations. Key mechanism attributes including traffic control, signal indication, driver fault, vehicle movement, and travel direction were extracted from crash narratives and linked to evidence-based treatments from the FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasures and the CMF Clearinghouse. The framework integrates embedding-based retrieval of historically similar intersections, association-rule mining, statistical guidance on the expected number of relevant countermeasures, and an engineering reasoning guidance that directs LLM through a domain-consistent decision process before selecting countermeasures. Evaluated on 312 fatal and serious-injury crashes across 115 intersections in Lake and Sumter Counties, Florida, using five-fold cross-validation, the framework achieved a precision of 0.82, recall of 0.85, and F1-score of 0.82, while recommending an average of 3.91 countermeasures per location with 3.14 matching, closely matching the actual average (3.86). Overall, the proposed framework demonstrates the potential of retrieval-augmented LLMs as an interpretable and scalable decision-support tool for transportation agencies for translating crash narratives into countermeasure recommendations. Comments: 20 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. Preprint Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Machine Learning (cs.LG) Cite as: arXiv:2609.15997 [cs.CL] (or arXiv:2609.15997v1 [cs.CL] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.15997 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Parvez Anowar [view email] [v1] Thu, 9 Jul 2026 17:26:23 UTC (1,466 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Crash Narrative-Guided Countermeasure Recommendation Using Large Language Models: A Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Intersection Safety, by Abu Saif Md Nasim Uddin and 4 other authors View PDF view license Current browse context: cs.CL new | recent | 2026-09 Change to browse by: cs cs.LG References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)