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--> [Submitted on 12 Jun 2026] Title:Compliance, Capability, and Conflict: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs under System Messages View a PDF of the paper titled Compliance, Capability, and Conflict: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs under System Messages, by Juan Yeo and Geewook Kim View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Production deployments of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) increasingly rely on system messages to govern model behavior. Yet existing benchmarks either evaluate constraints in text only or embed them into the user turn, leaving system-message adherence in multimodal contexts largely unmeasured; they also leave open whether compliance comes at the cost of foundational vision-language capabilities. We introduce VSysBench, a benchmark built on MMVet-v2 that organizes constraints into 5 main categories and 22 sub-categories, ranging from textual directives in visual contexts to fully vision-grounded ones, each paired with a misaligned counterpart that stress-tests the instructional hierarchy. VSysBench scores each response jointly along two axes, constraint compliance and answer correctness, via the Joint Satisfaction Rate (JSR) and Cross-Constraint Sensitivity (CCS). Across 16 MLLMs, we find that imposing system messages substantially erodes base task accuracy, that compliance collapses under user conflict for open-weight models while remaining stable for top proprietary ones, and that vision-grounded constraints are the hardest category for every model. Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL) Cite as: arXiv:2608.19207 [cs.CL] (or arXiv:2608.19207v1 [cs.CL] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.19207 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Juan Yeo [view email] [v1] Fri, 12 Jun 2026 01:20:40 UTC (1,186 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Compliance, Capability, and Conflict: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs under System Messages, by Juan Yeo and Geewook Kim View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.CL new | recent | 2026-08 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Loading... Data provided by: Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)