AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09217v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Legged robots are versatile on land, but their use in underwater environments remains limited. Extending quadruped locomotion to water enables amphibious mobility with applications in inspection, environmental monitoring and disaster response. This paper presents the design, modeling, and experimental validation of a reproducible underwater quadruped robot. The robot is built around custom waterproof motor housings machined from polyoxymethylene plastic, which use off-the-shelf O-rings and dynamic shaft seals. A simplified model is derived to describe the dynamics of this underwater legged system, capturing how drag forces on spherical end effectors transmit torque to the floating base. Building on this model, a c…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09213v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study how physical-state inputs affect a 0.8B hybrid language model adapted for manipulation with 6.2M trainable parameters. Six conditions are trained on three LIBERO-Spatial tasks and evaluated over three seeds and 540 held-out rollouts. Conditioning recurrent decay gates on geometric increments yields 28.9% success, compared with 36.7% when those increments are shuffled during training and 24.4% without explicit object/goal geometry. Both geometry policies receive correct inputs at evaluation. A token adapter using the same increments scores 27.8%; differences vary across seeds and remain inconclusive. Token-clock conditioning scores 11.1%, including one seed that fails to converge. In separate robustness te…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09210v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Teleoperated demonstrations are often multimodal even when the underlying dynamics are nearly deterministic given the executed action. We argue that this multimodality typically mixes three factors--operator habit in action selection, shared physics, and observation nuisance--and that entangled next-observation predictors absorb all three. We formalize the split with a structural causal model a=g(h,z,u), z'=f(z,a), o=r(z,c), and test it with complementary interventions: replacing or shuffling actions at fixed state sharply increases next-state error, whereas appearance and camera changes should not; habit-aware reverse scoring improves ranking of feasible pasts without rewriting the dynamics. The associated adapta…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09394v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recovering metric 3D geometry from monocular images is a fundamental computer vision task, yet current methods remain heavily fragmented by fixed camera model assumptions and inflexible input schemes. We present OmniPoint, a unified framework designed to generalize metric reconstruction across diverse imaging sensors, including pinhole, fisheye, and equirectangular projections, while accommodating varying geometric priors. To overcome projection rigidity, OmniPoint abandons conventional planar depth regression. It instead adopts a decoupled ray and distance representation alongside a decoupled training objective, explicitly separating the camera projection model from the scene structure. To address the severe scar…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09368v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present the Living Library, an end-to-end framework for transforming fragmented digital archives into governed, conversational, in-person exhibit experiences. Developed and deployed at the Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library, the framework comprises four layers: digitization and corpus creation, AI-powered processing, retrieval and reasoning, and an optional embodied conversational interface. The first three layers aggregate a 300,000-record collection, apply OCR and structured metadata enrichment for expert curatorial review, and publish records to a hybrid dense/semantic index. Expert review is conducted through the Archivist App, a curator-facing interface that supports correction of AI-generated transcr…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09359v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Polarimetric vision is gaining increasing attention because it provides physical cues about scene shape, material, and reflection that are difficult to recover from RGB alone. Recent work has therefore explored predicting polarization directly from conventional RGB images; however, the fidelity of these methods strongly depends on the polarization supervision used for training. Most existing datasets rely on Division-of-Focal-Plane (DoFP) cameras with four spatially interleaved analyzer orientations, which provide limited angular redundancy and introduce interpolation and instantaneous-field-of-view errors. We introduce DensePol, a high-redundancy RGB--polarization dataset based on Division-of-Time (DoT) acquisiti…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09300v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video understanding demands a convergence of complementary capabilities across perception, temporal understanding, and complex reasoning, which are difficult to jointly optimize within a single model. We introduce Video-MOPD-8B, an open-weight model dedicated to video understanding tasks. To fundamentally enhance its capabilities, we conduct targeted reinforcement learning (RL) optimization across three core domains: video temporal grounding (VTG), general video comprehension, and video STEM reasoning. We then unify their complementary capabilities via Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation (MOPD), which consolidates expert knowledge by supervising student-generated trajectories with routed teacher feedback. We furt…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09206v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) often struggle with hallucinations, thus hindering their reliable practical applications. Existing attention-based mitigation methods mainly rely on indirect signals (e.g., attention weights) that fail to accurately reflect the actual information shift underlying hallucination generation. In this paper, we propose HEAL, Head-lEvel information disentAnglement and caLibration for identifying and mitigating hallucinations. HEAL first employs causal noise intervention on multi-head outputs to filter out causally redundant heads. Subsequently, it disentangles information distribution within the remaining heads via the counterfactual Difference-in-Differences, categorizing heads…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09188v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Lensless near-eye sensing is often described as privacy-friendly because its coded measurements are visually unintelligible. Yet visual unintelligibility reflects human interpretation, not what a learned adversary can recover. We therefore treat identity privacy as a systems property of disclosure surfaces: representations crossing sensing, storage, computation, and output boundaries. We audit a simulated lensless gaze pipeline under a 36-subject known-gallery closed-set identification protocol with a fixed, known PSF; privacy from an unknown or varying optical key is outside our scope. Reported accuracies are empirical attack success rates under matched linear and MLP probes and do not upper-bound stronger advers…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09187v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Advertising video generation is not only a video synthesis task, but also a product-conditioned reasoning problem whose success is measured by online business metrics. Recent video foundation models can generate realistic clips from multimodal conditions, yet they do not optimize how a product should be transformed into an effective advertisement or how future generation should be improved from online business feedback. To close this loop, we propose AgenticGen, a reward-guided agentic framework that decomposes advertising video generation into two trainable reasoning stages, strategy selection and draft generation, thereby exposing optimization targets that online business feedback can supervise. AgenticGen learn…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09186v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Classification models based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) often show lower performance at imaging sites not included during model development, which can limit their use in clinical settings. Domain generalization (DG) addresses this issue by learning representations from source sites that remain effective for unseen target sites. However, existing DG approaches for psychiatric disorder classification commonly rely on a single imaging modality and may not fully account for site-specific acquisition effects on the learned representation space. Subjects scanned at the same site share scanner hardware, acquisition settings, and preprocessing characteristics, which can cause represent…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09185v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-label chest X-ray classification has attracted considerable attention in recent years, with the effective use of visual representations and clinical semantic knowledge playing an important role. This study proposes a framework that combines unimodal representations from RAD-DINO with vision--language representations from BioViL-T for the classification of 14 labels in the MIMIC-CXR-JPG dataset. The RAD-DINO and BioViL-T embeddings and their combined representation are refined separately in latent space before being normalized and fused across the three branches. In addition to improving classification performance, the study aims to clarify the role of each embedding source and the degree to which they comple…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09184v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language model (VLM) confidence may change in aggregate when visual evidence is degraded while remaining structurally inconsistent within individual examples. We study answer-level reliability along five-step, question-conditioned evidence-loss trajectories. Using a frozen Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct model, we construct 176 accepted GQA-derived trajectories (880 masking conditions) by progressively masking scene-graph-localized question-critical regions. Native sequence confidence has an evidence monotonicity violation rate (EMVR) of 0.436, and 92.0% of trajectories contain at least one adjacent violation. A matched non-critical-region control shows that full critical masking reduces accuracy by 28.2 percentage…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09552v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we solve two fundamental obstacles in applying LLMs to critical domains: token efficiency and faithfulness. To address both constraints jointly, we present TEFM (Token-Efficient Faithful Modeling), a framework designed for structured data analysis in critical domains. TEFM achieves token efficiency by compressing lengthy structured observations into compact Behavioral Code tokens, dramatically reducing token consumption with minimal information loss. Moreover, TEFM enables faithful rationalization through a dual-fidelity objective that jointly optimizes code-level reconstruction and prediction-level fidelity, identifying minimal sufficient feature subsets grounded in input data. Comprehensive experi…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09496v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Algorithmic outputs now populate the digital environments through which contemporary life is organized. The role of law in facilitating and constituting (rather than merely responding to) these processes is gaining increasing traction across scholarly accounts. This inquiry traces the evolution of algorithmic outputs attending to their legal underpinnings and social implications, surfacing the mutations of machine speech. The first mutation redefined speech as data to be queried: search engines transformed the web from a space of information retrieval into an economic regime of algorithmic visibility. The second mutation reframed speech as engagement: social media platforms fused moderation with amplification, tur…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09425v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Educational data filters have become a practical way to improve language-model pre-training, but most filters treat educational value as a single scalar property. This may be too broad for some applications, especially if the data set already features a high density of educational material. Useful learning material needs to be accurate, engaging, well structured, and appropriate for the intended audience and application (e.g. learner- vs teacher-facing). Following QuRating (Wettig et al. 2024), we introduce Edu-QuRating: a pipeline for multi-dimensional educational data scoring and curation. Edu-QuRating defines education-specific rubrics, uses an LLM judge to label sampled document pairs and distills those pairwi…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09410v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While autonomous agents have made significant strides in "deep research" by iteratively navigating the open web to synthesize information, real-world problem-solving is rarely confined to a single environment. Complex analytical tasks inherently require agents to weave together evidence from both ambiguous unstructured text (e.g., the open web) and highly precise structured data (e.g., relational databases). However, existing benchmarks evaluate these modalities in isolation, failing to capture the critical "handoff" - the ability to preserve constraints when moving evidence between systems. We introduce HybridDeepResearch, to our knowledge the first deep-research benchmark that requires both web search and SQL to…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09363v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinating or misinterpreting facts, which impairs their usability in retrieval-augmented generation or data-to-text systems. We analyse how faithfulness of LLMs to provided context depends on how plausible they perceive the context to be (context-memory conflict). To better identify error patterns, we make use of the increased difficulty of non-English and low-resource language text generation and input data based on local knowledge, only partially captured in models' parametric knowledge. We let the models generate text in English, Czech, Slovak and Upper Sorbian from factual (FA), counterfactual (CFA) and fictional (FI) RDF triples containing local Czech and Slovak d…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09356v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: At Noora Health, our nurses answer more than 50,000 medical queries per month on our WhatsApp-based service that provides caregivers with on-demand support. Their most time-critical task is emergency triage: deciding which queries need immediate in-person attention. To support them, we built a system that uses a large language model (LLM) to classify whether a message is an emergency and provide a rationale for interpretability. But the system was opaque: analyzing mistakes meant reading reasoning chains for each message, which is infeasible at our scale. Prompt changes meant re-running a full evaluation to prevent regressions, which was both costly and operationally challenging. Clinicians follow a decision tree…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09349v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern LLMs demonstrate impressive multilingual performance, yet standard benchmarks primarily reward selecting correct answers rather than evaluating genuine factual understanding. We introduce Systematic Wikidata-based Object-Relation Distortion (SWORD), a benchmark that evaluates whether models consistently reject factual errors across languages. SWORD generates syntactically well-formed but factually incorrect statements in eight widely spoken languages through controlled perturbations of Wikidata triples, ranging from random entity substitutions to semantically plausible property-based selections. Our distortion-based evaluation surfaces two critical insights that remain entirely obscured by conventional benc…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09338v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Speculative decoding is critical for accelerating LLM inference. However, the speedup is fragile: drafters are typically trained against a narrow distribution for a single target model, and their acceptance rate collapses under workload shifts. This is a striking inversion of modern LLM development, where target models are valued precisely for the broad generalization they acquire through large-scale pretraining. We argue that the natural remedy, pretraining, has been hard to apply to drafters because existing recipes are target-specific: the drafter consumes the target's hidden states and is distilled on the target's logits, so pretraining must be repeated for each target. We introduce Osprey, which instead boots…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09264v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Leading benchmarks for formal theorem proving with large language models are small collections drawn from competition math, such as the IMO and Putnam, that poorly represent field-specific applications. We introduce StochBench, a Lean 4 benchmark of 450 graduate stochastic-processes problems at varying abstraction levels, each paired with its natural-language source. Addressing a field underrepresented in Mathlib, it covers finite and countable Markov chains, renewal processes, random walks, martingales, stopping times, queues, Brownian motion, stochastic calculus, weak convergence, and Poisson and continuous-time Markov processes. Our Opus 4.8-based agent achieves a 34.9% proof rate (157/450) under a 15-minute pe…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.09166v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper investigates collaborative speculative decoding (CoSD), a distributed large language model (LLM) inference framework in which an on-device small language model (SLM) drafts candidate tokens and a server LLM verifies them. Existing CoSD methods assume a shared vocabulary between the SLM and the LLM and incur substantial communication load because residual resampling requires token distribution exchange between the user device and the edge server. To address these limitations, we propose cross-vocabulary CoSD (X-CoSD), a lossless and communication-efficient CoSD framework for heterogeneous SLM-LLM vocabularies. X-CoSD is built on hybrid resampling (HR), which splits residual resampling across the common-v…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.05694v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Predicting olfactory qualities from molecular structure is an open problem in chemoinformatics. Although linear models can link molecular features to odor descriptors, they often fail when extrapolating to novel chemical scaffolds, extreme molecular weights, or complex odor mixtures. To address this, we introduce GraphNOSE, an open-source graph transformer framework that predicts multi-label odor descriptors from simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) strings for single molecules and binary mixtures. By integrating positional and structural encodings within a transformer-based graph architecture, GraphNOSE achieves strong performance with six times fewer parameters than standard graph neural network…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.05688v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study variance-preserving diffusion of the response in mixed linear regression (MLR) with unknown mixing weights. Our analysis separates the statistical guarantees of score matching from the loss geometry and optimization signal at a fixed diffusion noise level. The KL divergence links the denoising score matching objective integrated over the diffusion path with the likelihood and a terminal discrepancy. Under mild regularity conditions and terminal schedule, the resulting estimator converges up to the ground truth parameters of MLR, and its scaled error converges to the Gaussian limit of the maximum-likelihood estimator. At a fixed scale of the diffusion noise level, we derive a decomposition linking the scor…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.05676v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language models adapted on private text are often served through APIs, so privacy leakage occurs through generated outputs rather than exposed weights. Private prediction protects these releases. Methods such as PMixED incur privacy cost at each release and increasingly rely on the public model over long horizons. PAC privacy instead calibrates noise to output variability across possible secrets, adding less noise when predictions are stable. To our knowledge, PAC-private prediction has not previously been extended from classification to autoregressive generation. We construct $m=128$ overlapping worlds from the private corpus, with each record appearing in exactly $m/2$ worlds, and train one adapter per world ove…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.05658v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for automating SystemVerilog Assertion (SVA) generation, yet most evaluations report correctness on a single syntactic representation of an input. Such point accuracy does not reveal whether a model's correct output is stable when the same RTL behavior is written differently. This paper presents a controlled metamorphic evaluation of LLM-based SVA generation under semantics-preserving RTL transformations. Starting from the VERT dataset, we construct a quality-filtered conditional-control pool and a stratified 40-program evaluation set containing 295 assignment behaviors. We evaluate two open code models, Qwen2.5-Coder-7B and DeepSeek-Coder-V2-Lite, with…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.05650v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose a reinforcement learning framework in which exploration is driven by intrinsic curiosity, designed for scenarios where environments are non-stationary and rewards are sparse, delayed, uninformative, or absent. In our model, action selection is guided by a combination of external rewards and an epistemic motivation mechanism that biases the agent toward structured exploratory directions. The central hypothesis is that effective exploration emerges at intermediate levels of incoherence, while performance degrades under both overly rigid and overly disordered dynamics. To test this idea, we implement the framework on top of a Liquid State Machine (LSM) substrate and evaluate it on two standard benchmarks:…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.05582v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Personalization can improve activity-recognition performance, but participant-specific gains are heterogeneous, and every additional calibration label has an acquisition cost. This study presents HB-PVI, a hierarchical Bayesian personalization and value-of-information framework jointly modeling participant heterogeneity, the benefit and harm of four personalization mechanisms, and the economic value of an additional label, for the 47-participant MUSIC-CAR complex-activity cohort. A leakage-safe, leave-one-participant-out evaluation combines a sequential-Monte-Carlo participant-effect updater with a Student-$t$ hierarchical gain model and a one-step expected-value-of-sample-information (EVSI) stopping rule. Adapter…

AI 服務暫時不可用，以下為來源摘要，待恢復後補全翻譯：arXiv:2609.05575v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding how concepts are encoded in the internal representations of machine learning models is a central problem in mechanistic interpretability, essential both for the science of deep learning and for the trustworthy deployment of increasingly capable models. Existing approaches to interpret model representations mainly map representations onto more interpretable spaces and do not directly characterize how concepts occupy representation space; various hypotheses have been proposed, but often lack of rigorous validation and largely focus on static representations. In this work, we introduce Capsule Lens, a framework that matches the region a concept occupies with a simple, trackable geometric form, a capsule…